Consider the following statements :I. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.II. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes.Q. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)I onlyb)II onlyc)Both I and IId)Neither I nor IICorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Biodiversity in different latitudes and altitudes

• Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms (plants, animals, microorganisms) in a particular ecosystem or on the planet as a whole.

• The distribution of biodiversity is influenced by various factors such as latitude, altitude, climate, soil type, etc.

• Statement I suggests that there is a latitudinal gradient of biodiversity, with higher diversity in the tropics and lower diversity in the poles.

• This is supported by empirical evidence that shows that tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and other hotspots have a higher number of species than temperate or polar regions.

• This is due to various factors such as stable climate, high solar radiation, abundant rainfall, and long evolutionary history in the tropics.

• Statement II suggests that there is an altitudinal gradient of biodiversity, with higher diversity at lower elevations and lower diversity at higher elevations.

• This is also supported by empirical evidence that shows that the base of mountains or hills has a higher number of species than their peaks.

• This is due to various factors such as temperature, humidity, soil, and vegetation changes with elevation, which create different habitats for different species.

• Overall, both statements I and II are correct, and they highlight the importance of understanding the patterns and drivers of biodiversity at different scales.

Answer

C

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