Divergent evolution refers to the process by which species with a common ancestor develop different traits and characteristics over time due to adapting to different environmental conditions or occupying different ecological niches. This divergence results in the formation of new species that are distinct from each other.

Example of Divergent Evolution in Plants:

One example of divergent evolution in plants can be observed in the evolution of angiosperms, which are flowering plants. Angiosperms evolved from a common ancestor, and over time, different species have developed distinct characteristics and adaptations.

1. Common Ancestor:
- Angiosperms are believed to have evolved from gymnosperms, which are non-flowering plants like conifers.
- The common ancestor of angiosperms and gymnosperms was likely a non-flowering plant that reproduced through spores.

2. Divergence and Adaptations:
- As angiosperms evolved, they developed several adaptations that allowed them to thrive in different environments and ecological niches.
- Some angiosperms adapted to dry environments and evolved mechanisms to conserve water, such as the development of thick waxy cuticles and the ability to close stomata during hot and dry conditions.
- Other angiosperms adapted to moist environments and evolved traits like specialized structures for attracting pollinators, such as brightly colored flowers and nectar-producing glands.

3. Formation of Different Species:
- Over time, these different adaptations and characteristics led to the formation of numerous species within the angiosperm group.
- For example, the orchid family (Orchidaceae) comprises thousands of species that have evolved diverse flower shapes, colors, and fragrances to attract specific pollinators.
- Another example is the cacti family (Cactaceae), which includes various species that have evolved to survive in arid environments and possess modified stems for water storage.

4. Genetic and Morphological Differences:
- Divergent evolution in plants is not only reflected in the external traits and adaptations but also in genetic and morphological differences.
- Through genetic variations and natural selection, different species of angiosperms have acquired distinct DNA sequences and morphological structures, making them genetically and morphologically diverse.

In conclusion, divergent evolution in plants, such as angiosperms, has resulted in the development of numerous species with distinct traits and adaptations. This process has allowed plants to occupy different ecological niches and thrive in various environments. By adapting to different conditions, plants have diversified and evolved to meet the challenges posed by their surroundings.