1. Firoz shah tughlaq was very successful as reformer. .. His region saw the construction of many canals, wells, tanks ,rest houses and hospitals. he also such found some new places as Firozapur, Firozabad, and hissar - firoza..



2. In 1398, Timur invaded India with an aim of distroying the Hindus and Muslims .



3. Babur, The ruler of Kabul is invited to India by Alam Shah.... To killed Ibrahim Lodi as he was cruel....





Hope you understood..!

Q.1: Why is Feroz Shah Tughlaq called a reformer king?

Feroz Shah Tughlaq was one of the rulers of the Tughlaq dynasty who ruled over Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century. He was called a reformer king because of the various reforms he introduced during his reign, such as:

1. Land reforms: Feroz Shah introduced measures to improve the condition of the peasantry by reducing the taxes on agricultural produce and providing them with irrigation facilities.

2. Educational reforms: He established many educational institutions like madrasas and schools to promote learning and scholarship. He also patronized scholars and poets.

3. Administrative reforms: He introduced various administrative reforms to improve the efficiency of the government. He created a department of agriculture to promote agricultural development, and also introduced a system of regular inspections of government offices.

4. Public works: Feroz Shah initiated many public works projects, such as the construction of canals, bridges, and hospitals. He also built many public buildings and monuments, including the famous Feroz Shah Kotla Fort in Delhi.

5. Religious tolerance: He was known for his religious tolerance and respect for all faiths. He patronized different religious communities and allowed them to practice their own customs and traditions.

Q.2: Why did Timur invade India?

Timur, also known as Tamerlane, was a Turkic-Mongol ruler who invaded India in the late 14th century. He invaded India for the following reasons:

1. Wealth: Timur was attracted to the wealth and riches of India, which was known for its gold, silver, and precious stones.

2. Expansion: Timur was a conqueror who wanted to expand his empire. He saw India as a strategic location that would help him strengthen his position in Central Asia.

3. Revenge: Timur had a personal vendetta against the ruler of Delhi, Sultan Mahmud Tughlaq, who had refused to pay tribute to him. He saw the invasion of Delhi as a way to seek revenge and assert his authority.

4. Religious zeal: Timur was also motivated by his religious zeal. He saw India as a land of infidels and wanted to convert the Hindus and Muslims to Islam.

Q.3: Why was Babur, the ruler of Kabul, invited to India? Give another reason why Babur thought it right to invade India.

Babur, the ruler of Kabul, was invited to India by the governor of Punjab, Daulat Khan Lodi, who sought his help to overthrow the ruling Sultan of Delhi. Babur saw this as an opportunity to expand his empire and establish his rule in India.

Another reason why Babur thought it right to invade India was his claim to the throne of Delhi. Babur was a descendant of Timur on his mother's side and of Genghis Khan on his father's side. He believed that he had a rightful claim to the throne of Delhi, which was then ruled by Ibrahim Lodi. In addition, he was also motivated by his desire for wealth and power, and saw India as a land of opportunities.

Babur invaded India in 1526 and defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Panipat, thus establishing the Mughal Empire in India. He introduced many reforms and policies that helped to strengthen the empire and promote cultural exchange between India and Central Asia.