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Concept map for p-block elements ( group 13 ) ?
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Concept map for p-block elements ( group 13 ) ?
Concept Map for p-Block Elements (Group 13)


p-block elements are those elements that have their valence electrons in the p-orbitals. Group 13 of the periodic table consists of boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl). These elements are characterized by their tendency to form a trivalent cation by losing three electrons. Here is a concept map that illustrates the properties and trends of Group 13 elements:


Physical Properties



  • Boron is a non-metal, while the rest of the elements are metals.

  • All elements in Group 13 have a low density and melting point.

  • The boiling point increases down the group.



Chemical Properties



  • Group 13 elements are characterized by their tendency to lose three electrons to form a trivalent cation.

  • They react with non-metals to form covalent compounds.

  • Aluminum is amphoteric, which means it can react with both acids and bases.



Boron



  • Boron is a non-metal that has a high melting point and is a poor conductor of electricity.

  • Boron forms covalent compounds with non-metals.

  • Boron is used in the production of borosilicate glass and boron carbide.



Aluminum



  • Aluminum is a highly reactive metal that has a low density and melting point.

  • Aluminum has good thermal and electrical conductivity.

  • Aluminum is used in the production of aircraft parts, beverage cans, and aluminum foil.



Gallium



  • Gallium is a soft, silvery-white metal that has a low melting point.

  • Gallium is used in the production of semiconductors, LEDs, and solar cells.

  • Gallium has a unique property that allows it to melt in your hand.



Indium



  • Indium is a soft, silvery-white metal that has a low melting point.

  • Indium is used in the production of LCD screens, touch screens, and solar cells.

  • Indium has a unique property that allows it to stick to glass.



Thallium



  • Thallium is a soft, bluish-white metal that has a low melting point.

  • Thallium is used in the production of infrared detection devices and medical imaging.

  • Thallium is highly toxic and can cause serious health problems if ingested or inhaled.



In conclusion, Group 13 elements are characterized by their tendency to form a trivalent cation by losing three electrons. These elements have a variety of physical and chemical properties that make them useful in a variety of industries.
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Concept map for p-block elements ( group 13 ) ?
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