- ETS is helpful in Restoration of NAD and FAD:
ETS, or the Electron Transport System, plays a crucial role in the restoration of NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide). These coenzymes are important in cellular respiration and act as electron carriers. During the process of ETS, electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This transfer of electrons results in the restoration of NAD and FAD, allowing them to participate in further metabolic reactions.
- Oxygen is the Terminal Electron Acceptor in ETS:
Oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport system. As electrons move through the electron transport chain, they are passed from one carrier molecule to another, ultimately reaching complex IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase. At complex IV, oxygen accepts the electrons and combines with protons to form water. This final step is essential for the efficient functioning of the electron transport system and the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.
- Ubiquinone and FMN are Hydrogen Carriers:
Ubiquinone (also known as coenzyme Q) and FMN (Flavin Mononucleotide) are two important electron carriers in the electron transport system. They primarily function as carriers of hydrogen atoms (protons and electrons) during the electron transport process. Ubiquinone is located within the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane and shuttles electrons from complex I and complex II to complex III. FMN is a prosthetic group in complex I and helps in the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone.
- Complex IV is also known as Cytochrome c Oxidase:
Complex IV, also referred to as cytochrome c oxidase, is the final complex in the electron transport system. It plays a crucial role in transferring electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen. This transfer of electrons leads to the reduction of oxygen and the formation of water. Complex IV is a multi-subunit protein complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Electron Movement in ETS is Due to Variable Valency of Metal Ions:
The movement of electrons in the electron transport system is facilitated by the variable valency of metal ions present in the carrier complexes. The metal ions, such as iron and copper, alternate between different oxidation states, allowing them to accept and donate electrons. This change in oxidation state of the metal ions enables the sequential transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain. The movement of electrons ultimately results in the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives ATP synthesis.
Overall, 5 statements are correct with respect to ETS.