Ecological Hotspot in India: Western Ghats

The Western Ghats, also known as Sahyadri, is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India. It is now regarded as an ecological hotspot due to its rich biodiversity and endemism. Let's discuss the reasons why the Western Ghats is now considered an ecological hotspot in India.

Biodiversity

The Western Ghats is home to a vast variety of flora and fauna. It is estimated that the region has around 7,402 species of flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, and 6,000 insect species. Additionally, around 325 globally threatened species are found in the Western Ghats, including the endangered lion-tailed macaque and the Bengal tiger.

Endemism

Endemism refers to the presence of species that are found only in a particular region. The Western Ghats is known for its high level of endemism, with around 30% of its flora and fauna being endemic. For example, the region is home to over 325 endemic species of plants, including the red rain lily and the blue Kurinji flower that blooms only once in twelve years.

Threats

Despite its ecological importance, the Western Ghats face several threats due to human activities. Some of the major threats include deforestation, mining, overgrazing, and the construction of dams and roads. These activities have resulted in habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and soil erosion.

Conservation Efforts

In recent years, several conservation efforts have been undertaken to protect the Western Ghats. The Indian government has declared several areas in the region as protected areas, including national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Additionally, several NGOs and local communities have taken initiatives to conserve the biodiversity of the Western Ghats.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Western Ghats is now regarded as an ecological hotspot due to its rich biodiversity, high endemism, and threats to its survival. While several conservation efforts have been undertaken, more measures need to be taken to protect this unique and valuable ecosystem.