The Second and Third Anglo-Maratha Wars were significant conflicts that took place during the period of British colonial rule in India. These wars played a crucial role in the establishment of British control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent. Here are the details about these wars:

Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805):
- The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire, which was a confederacy of Indian states.
- The war was triggered by the expansionist policies of the Marathas, who sought to challenge British influence in India.
- The British forces, led by General Arthur Wellesley (later known as the Duke of Wellington), launched a series of successful military campaigns against the Marathas.
- The key battles of the war included the Battle of Assaye and the Battle of Laswari, both of which resulted in decisive British victories.
- The Treaty of Bassein, signed in 1802, played a significant role in the war as it caused divisions within the Maratha Empire and led to the formation of alliances between the British and certain Maratha factions.
- The war ended with the Treaty of Surji-Arjungaon in 1805, which resulted in the Marathas ceding large territories to the British and recognizing British paramountcy over their territories.

Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818):
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy, which had become fragmented after the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
- The war was triggered by the Peshwa Baji Rao II's attempts to challenge British authority and regain control over Maratha territories.
- The British forces, under the command of General Sir Thomas Hislop and later General Sir John Malcolm, launched a series of military campaigns against the Marathas.
- The key battles of the war included the Battle of Khadki, the Battle of Koregaon, and the Siege of Asirgarh, all of which resulted in British victories.
- The war ended with the defeat of the Marathas and the signing of the Treaty of Gwalior in 1818.
- As a result of the war, the British annexed large parts of the Maratha territories and reduced the Maratha Confederacy to a subordinate position under British control.

These wars marked a significant turning point in the history of British colonial rule in India. The British successfully established their dominance over the Maratha Empire, which had been one of the most powerful indigenous forces in India. These conflicts paved the way for the subsequent consolidation of British control over the Indian subcontinent.

The modern state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas..