1) If the temperature increases the process of sublimation completes faster

2) If the pressure increases sublimation decreases

Effect of Temperature on Sublimation
Sublimation is the process where a solid transforms directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state. Temperature plays a crucial role in this process.
- Increased Temperature:
- Higher temperatures provide more energy to the molecules in the solid.
- This energy allows the molecules to overcome the intermolecular forces, facilitating the transition to the gas phase.
- For example, dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimates readily at room temperature.
- Decreased Temperature:
- Lower temperatures decrease molecular energy, making sublimation less likely.
- The solid may remain stable or transition to a liquid state before vaporizing if temperature is not sufficiently high.
Effect of Pressure on Sublimation
Pressure significantly influences the sublimation process, particularly for substances with specific phase diagrams.
- Decreased Pressure:
- Lowering the pressure reduces the atmospheric pressure on the solid.
- This encourages sublimation because the gas formed can escape more easily into the surrounding environment.
- For instance, in a vacuum, solids like ice can readily sublimate into water vapor.
- Increased Pressure:
- Raising the pressure can inhibit sublimation.
- The increased pressure forces the solid molecules closer together, stabilizing the solid phase and potentially leading to melting instead of sublimation.
- This is evident in substances like ice, which may melt under high pressure rather than sublimate.
In summary, the effects of temperature and pressure on sublimation highlight the delicate balance of energy and molecular interactions that govern phase changes in matter. Understanding these factors is essential for applications in various scientific and industrial processes.