Statement-1 : Potential difference across the terminals of a battery is always less than its emf.

Statement-2 : A battery always has some internal resistance.

a)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False

b)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1

c)
Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

d)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Statement-1 : Potential difference across the terminals of a battery is always less than its emf.

Statement-2 : A battery always has some internal resistance.

a)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
b)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
c)
Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
d)
Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Answer

Explanation:

The given statements are related to the potential difference across the terminals of a battery and its electromotive force (emf).

Statement-1: Potential difference across the terminals of a battery is always less than its emf.

The potential difference across the terminals of a battery is the voltage that is actually available to do work in an external circuit. It is also known as the terminal voltage. The emf of a battery, on the other hand, is the maximum potential difference that can be provided by the battery when no current is flowing through it.

In an ideal scenario, where a battery has zero internal resistance, the potential difference across its terminals would be equal to its emf. However, in real-world batteries, there is always some internal resistance.

Statement-2: A battery always has some internal resistance.

Internal resistance is the resistance present within a battery, which impedes the flow of current. It is caused by the resistance of the battery's electrolyte and the internal structure of the battery. A battery with zero internal resistance would be ideal, but in reality, every battery has some internal resistance.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is option 'D' - Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.

- Statement-1 is false because the potential difference across the terminals of a battery can be equal to its emf if the battery has zero internal resistance. However, in most cases, the potential difference is less than the emf due to the presence of internal resistance.

- Statement-2 is true because every battery has some internal resistance. This internal resistance causes a drop in voltage across the terminals and affects the actual potential difference available to the external circuit.

Therefore, Statement-2 is true, but it does not provide a correct explanation for Statement-1 because there can be cases where the potential difference across the terminals is equal to the emf if the battery has zero internal resistance.

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