Stomata in Leaves

Stomata are tiny pores present in the leaves of plants which help in the exchange of gases. These pores are mainly found on the underside of the leaves. The word 'stomata' is derived from the Greek word 'stoma' which means 'mouth'.

Structure of Stomata

Stomata are surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells which regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. The guard cells are bean-shaped and contain chloroplasts. When the guard cells are filled with water, they become turgid and the stomata open. When the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the stomata close.

Functions of Stomata

Stomata play an important role in the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O2). The CO2 enters the leaves through the stomata and is used by the plant to make food. The O2 produced during photosynthesis is released back into the atmosphere through the stomata.

Stomata also help in the process of transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water through the leaves. The water vapor exits the plant through the stomata. This process helps to cool the plant and maintain the water balance within the plant.

Importance of Stomata

Stomata are essential for the survival of plants as they facilitate the exchange of gases and regulate the water balance within the plant. Stomata also help in the removal of excess oxygen and carbon dioxide from the plant.

In conclusion, stomata are minute pores present in the leaves of plants which play an important role in the process of photosynthesis and transpiration. They are essential for the survival of plants and help to regulate the exchange of gases and water balance within the plant.

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