1) Harappa and Mohenjodaro. 2)Taxila. 3) Indraprastha. 4) Mathura. 5)Broach

**Five Major Commercial Cities of Ancient India**

Ancient India was a hub of commerce and trade, with several cities emerging as major centers of economic activity. These cities played a crucial role in facilitating trade, commerce, and business transactions. Here are five major commercial cities of ancient India:

**1. Taxila**
Located in present-day Pakistan, Taxila was an important city during ancient times. It was a major center for trade and commerce, especially for the Silk Road route. Taxila was known for its thriving marketplaces, where merchants from various parts of the world gathered to trade goods. The city was renowned for its universities and learning centers, which attracted scholars, students, and traders from far and wide.

**2. Ujjain**
Ujjain, situated in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India, was another significant commercial city of ancient India. It was a prominent center for trade and business, particularly for textiles, metals, and agricultural products. Ujjain hosted grand fairs and festivals, such as the Kumbh Mela, which attracted merchants, pilgrims, and traders from different regions. The city's strategic location on the banks of the Shipra River contributed to its commercial importance.

**3. Pataliputra**
Pataliputra, now known as Patna in Bihar, India, was the capital city of several ancient Indian empires, including the Maurya and Gupta dynasties. It served as a major commercial hub due to its strategic location on the banks of the Ganges River. Pataliputra was known for its bustling markets, where traders from different parts of the world gathered to exchange goods. The city also had well-developed infrastructure, including warehouses, docks, and trade routes, which facilitated business activities.

**4. Mathura**
Mathura, located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India, was an important center for commerce and trade during ancient times. It was known for its thriving markets and skilled artisans who produced a variety of goods, including textiles, sculptures, and pottery. Mathura's strategic location on the trade routes connecting northern and western India made it a significant trading center. The city also acted as a cultural and religious center, attracting pilgrims and traders alike.

**5. Varanasi**
Varanasi, also known as Kashi, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Situated on the banks of the holy river Ganges in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India, Varanasi has been a major center for trade and commerce since ancient times. The city was famous for its religious significance and attracted pilgrims from different parts of India and beyond. The bustling markets of Varanasi offered a wide range of goods, including textiles, spices, and precious metals.

These ancient Indian cities played a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce, connecting different regions and promoting economic growth. They served as centers for business activities, exchange of goods, and cultural interactions, contributing to the overall prosperity of ancient India.