Title
A map typically includes a title which provides a brief description of what the map represents. The title is usually located at the top of the map and gives the reader an idea of the specific area or subject matter covered by the map. For example, a map titled "World Political Map" indicates that the map shows the political boundaries of countries around the world.

Legend or Key
The legend or key is an essential component of a map as it helps the reader understand the symbols and colors used on the map. It provides a visual representation of the various features, such as roads, rivers, mountains, and landmarks, and explains their meanings. The legend is typically placed in a corner or at the bottom of the map and is usually accompanied by a corresponding set of symbols or colors used on the map. For instance, a blue line on a map may represent a river, and the legend will explain this symbol.

Scale
The scale on a map helps determine the relationship between the actual size of an object or distance on the ground and its representation on the map. It allows the reader to estimate distances and understand the relative sizes of different geographic features. The scale can be presented in various forms, such as a graphic scale (a line marked with distances), a verbal scale (e.g., "1 cm represents 1 km"), or a representative fraction (e.g., 1:50,000). The scale is usually located at the bottom or in a corner of the map.

Summary
In summary, the three components of a map are the title, legend or key, and scale. The title provides a brief description of the map's subject, the legend explains the symbols and colors used on the map, and the scale helps determine distances and sizes. These components work together to make a map informative and user-friendly, allowing readers to interpret and navigate the map accurately.