Systematic errors are those errors which occur consistently and repeatedly in the same direction, and thus their effects are cumulative and can be determined. These errors are different from random errors, which occur randomly and unpredictably and their effects cannot be determined. Systematic errors can be caused by various factors, such as equipment calibration errors, environmental conditions, or operator bias.

Factors causing systematic errors:
- Equipment calibration errors: Systematic errors can occur due to errors in equipment calibration. For example, if a weighing scale is not calibrated properly, it may consistently show a weight that is higher or lower than the actual weight.
- Environmental conditions: Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure can cause systematic errors in measurements. For example, a thermometer may consistently show a higher or lower temperature due to changes in atmospheric pressure.
- Operator bias: Systematic errors can also occur due to biases in the operator. For example, if an operator consistently reads a measurement value as higher or lower than the actual value, it will result in a systematic error.

Effects of systematic errors:
Systematic errors can have a significant impact on the accuracy of measurements. Since these errors occur consistently in the same direction, they can result in measurements that are consistently higher or lower than the actual value. This can lead to incorrect conclusions and decisions based on the measurements.

Detection and correction of systematic errors:
Systematic errors can be detected by comparing the results of repeated measurements. If the measurements consistently show a higher or lower value, it may indicate a systematic error. To correct systematic errors, it is important to identify the source of the error and eliminate it. This can be done by calibrating the equipment properly, controlling the environmental conditions, or eliminating operator bias.

In conclusion, systematic errors are important to consider in any measurement process, as they can have a significant impact on the accuracy of the results. By understanding the causes and effects of systematic errors, and taking steps to detect and correct them, more accurate and reliable measurements can be obtained.