Explanation:

In the solidification process of metal during casting, compensation for solid contraction is provided by the oversize pattern. Let's understand why this is the correct answer by discussing the other options:

Option B: Achieved by property placed risers
Risers are used in casting to provide an additional source of liquid metal to compensate for the solidification shrinkage. However, risers do not directly compensate for solid contraction. They are designed to supply molten metal to the casting as it solidifies, preventing shrinkage defects such as shrinkage cavities. While risers play an important role in controlling the solidification process, they are not specifically used for compensation of solid contraction.

Option C: Obtained by promoting directional solidification
Directional solidification is a technique used in some casting processes to control the solidification pattern and reduce the formation of defects. By solidifying the metal in a controlled manner, the solid contraction can be partially compensated. However, this technique is not primarily used for compensation of solid contraction. Its main purpose is to control the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the castings.

Option D: Made by providing chills
Chills are metallic inserts placed in the mold to promote rapid cooling in specific areas of the casting. They are used to control the solidification process and improve the dimensional accuracy of the casting. Chills can help reduce the overall solid contraction by providing a localized cooling effect, but they do not compensate for the solid contraction throughout the entire casting.

Option A: Provided by the oversize pattern
The oversize pattern compensates for the solid contraction during the casting process. The pattern used to create the mold is made slightly larger than the desired final dimensions of the casting. When the molten metal solidifies and contracts, it fills the extra space provided by the oversize pattern, resulting in a casting with the desired dimensions. This compensates for the solid contraction and helps achieve the desired final dimensions of the casting.

In conclusion, in the solidification of metal during casting, compensation for solid contraction is provided by the oversize pattern. This compensates for the expected shrinkage during solidification and ensures the final casting has the desired dimensions.