Which of the following statements are correcta)Friction acting on a cy...
Friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is may be upward may be downwards depending on the external force acting on it.
Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. When a cylinder is placed on an inclined surface, there are two possible scenarios depending on the external force acting on it.
If there is no external force:
In this case, the only force acting on the cylinder is its weight, which acts vertically downwards. The weight can be resolved into two components - one parallel to the incline (mg*sinθ) and one perpendicular to the incline (mg*cosθ). The perpendicular component of the weight provides the normal force, while the parallel component of the weight provides the force that tends to make the cylinder slide down the incline.
In order to prevent the cylinder from sliding, a force of friction must act on it in the opposite direction of the motion. Since the motion would be downwards, the friction force must act upwards along the incline. Therefore, the correct statement is that the friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is always upward along the incline, irrespective of any external force acting on it.
If there is an external force:
If there is an external force acting on the cylinder, such as pushing it down the incline or pulling it up the incline, the direction of friction can change. The friction force will always act in the opposite direction to the external force, in order to resist the motion. Therefore, depending on the direction of the external force, the friction acting on the cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface can be upward or downward along the incline.
Friction acting on a cylinder rolling without sliding may be zero depending on the external force acting on it.
When a cylinder is rolling without sliding on a surface, there is a combination of rolling friction and static friction. The rolling friction opposes the rotational motion of the cylinder, while the static friction prevents the cylinder from sliding.
If there are no external forces acting on the cylinder and it is rolling freely, the rolling friction will be present to oppose the rotational motion, but the static friction will be zero. In this case, the friction acting on the cylinder rolling without sliding is zero.
However, if there is an external force acting on the cylinder, such as pushing it or pulling it, the static friction will come into play to prevent sliding. The magnitude and direction of the static friction will depend on the external force and the coefficient of friction between the cylinder and the surface. In some cases, the static friction can be zero if the force applied is not enough to overcome the static friction.
Therefore, the correct statement is that the friction acting on a cylinder rolling without sliding may be zero depending on the external force acting on it.
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