Perpetual Succession:

Perpetual succession refers to the continuation of a company's existence even after the death, retirement, or insolvency of its members. This means that the company has a separate legal identity from its members, and the company's business can continue even if its founders or shareholders pass away. The company can acquire property, enter into contracts, and sue or be sued in its own name. This ensures that the business can continue uninterrupted and that the interests of the company's employees, customers, and shareholders are protected.

Common Seal:

A common seal is an official mark or stamp used by a company to validate important documents such as contracts, agreements, share certificates, and deeds. The common seal typically contains the company's name, registration number, and logo. The use of a common seal is mandatory for certain legal documents, and it provides assurance that the document has been properly authorized by the company's board of directors or shareholders. The common seal is usually kept in the custody of the company secretary or another authorized officer.

Karta:

In Hindu joint family, the Karta is the head of the family who manages the family's affairs and represents the family in legal matters. The Karta has the power to make decisions on behalf of the family and is responsible for the welfare of all its members. The Karta is usually the eldest male member of the family, but in certain cases, a female member can also act as the Karta. The Karta has the power to manage the family's property, make investments, and distribute income among family members.

Artificial Person:

An artificial person is a legal entity that is created by law and has the same legal rights and obligations as a natural person. Examples of artificial persons include corporations, partnerships, and trusts. An artificial person has a separate legal identity from its members, which means that it can enter into contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in its own name. The concept of an artificial person is important in business law because it allows companies to operate as separate entities from their owners and shareholders. This protects the personal assets of the owners and shareholders from the liabilities of the company.

PERPETUAL SUCCESSION - It means death, insolvency or retirement of members of company does not affect the the life of the company.
COMMON SEAL - A common seal is an official signature of company. Any document which does not contain common seal of the company is unauthorized and not binding on the company.
KARTA - In Joint Hindu Family Business the business is managed and controlled by the eldest male member of the family known as Karta.
ARTIFICIAL PERSON - A company is called an artificial person because it does not possess body of a natural being. It is created by the law.