The relationship between population and economic development in India is a complex and two-sided one. On the one hand, a large and growing population can create challenges for economic development, while on the other hand, economic development can also contribute to changes in population dynamics.

Challenges of a large and growing population

1. Pressure on resources - A large and growing population can put pressure on resources, such as land, water, and energy, leading to depletion and degradation of these resources.

2. Unemployment - A large population can lead to a high rate of unemployment, as there are more people seeking jobs than there are jobs available.

3. Poverty - The high population in India is one of the reasons behind the high poverty rate, which is a major challenge to economic development.

4. Environmental degradation - A large population can contribute to environmental degradation, such as air and water pollution, which can negatively impact economic development.

5. Pressure on Infrastructure - A large population can put pressure on infrastructure like roads, railways, airports, and other public services, leading to congestion and poor service delivery.

Contribution of economic development to changes in population dynamics

1. Increase in wealth - Economic development can lead to increased wealth, which can lead to changes in population dynamics, such as a decrease in fertility rates.

2. Improvement in healthcare - Economic development can lead to improvement in healthcare facilities, which can lead to a decrease in infant mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy.

3. Increase in education - Economic development can lead to an increase in education levels, particularly for women, which can lead to a decrease in fertility rates and an increase in the labor force.

4. Changes in migration patterns - Economic development can lead to changes in migration patterns, as people move from rural to urban areas in search of better job opportunities.

In conclusion, the relationship between population and economic development is complex and two-sided. While a large and growing population can create challenges for economic development, economic development can also contribute to changes in population dynamics. Therefore, it is important for India to strike a balance between population growth and economic development to ensure sustainable development.