Meaning of Misfortune:
Misfortune refers to an unfortunate or unlucky event or circumstance that brings distress, harm, or loss to a person or group of people. It can be seen as a negative occurrence or an unfavorable outcome that is beyond one's control. Misfortune can manifest in various forms, such as accidents, illnesses, financial difficulties, or personal setbacks.

Explanation:
Misfortune is a common theme in literature and is often used to create tension and conflict in a story. It can be used to test the resilience and character of the protagonist, as they navigate through challenging circumstances.

In the context of the NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 - "A Different Kind of School," misfortune can be related to the challenges faced by the characters in the story. The chapter revolves around the experiences of a young boy named Sivasothie who belongs to a marginalized community in South Africa. The misfortune in this chapter is primarily portrayed through the discrimination and prejudice faced by Sivasothie and his community.

Examples of Misfortune:
1. Discrimination: Sivasothie and his community are discriminated against by the majority of people in their town. They are denied access to proper education, healthcare, and other basic amenities solely based on their background.

2. Lack of Opportunities: Due to the discrimination they face, Sivasothie and his community have limited opportunities for growth and development. They are trapped in a cycle of poverty and struggle to improve their living conditions.

3. Social Exclusion: Sivasothie and his community are socially excluded and marginalized by the rest of society. They are treated as inferior and are not given equal rights and opportunities.

4. Emotional Distress: The constant mistreatment and disrespect faced by Sivasothie and his community cause emotional distress and hardship. They have to endure the pain of being treated as second-class citizens.

Conclusion:
Misfortune, as seen in the context of the NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 - "A Different Kind of School," refers to the discrimination, prejudice, and hardships faced by Sivasothie and his community. This misfortune serves as a backdrop to highlight the importance of equality, education, and the need for a more inclusive society. The chapter emphasizes the resilience and determination of individuals who strive to overcome misfortune and create a better future for themselves and their community.