Correct option is 'D', Because in this question its asked which companies were not from indian trading companies and japan was not trading with india at that time.

The correct answer is option 'D' - The Japanese. In the context of the question, the term "trading company" refers to companies that were actively involved in overseas trade during the Age of Exploration and the subsequent colonial era. Let's explore each option in detail to understand why the Japanese were not considered a trading company during this period.

a) The Portuguese:
- The Portuguese were one of the earliest and most influential trading powers during the Age of Exploration.
- They established trading posts and colonies in various parts of the world, including Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.
- The Portuguese were known for their maritime prowess and their role in expanding global trade networks.

b) The Dutch:
- The Dutch, particularly the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC), were major players in the global trade during the 17th and 18th centuries.
- The VOC was the world's first multinational corporation and had a significant impact on global trade, especially in the spice trade from the East Indies (present-day Indonesia).
- The Dutch established colonies and trading posts in various parts of the world, including Indonesia, South Africa, and the Americas.

c) The French:
- The French also played a significant role in overseas trade during the Age of Exploration and colonial era.
- French trading companies, such as the French East India Company (Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales) and the French West India Company (Compagnie française des Indes occidentales), were involved in trade and colonization in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
- These companies were established to compete with other European powers and expand French influence in global trade.

d) The Japanese:
- The Japanese were not actively involved in overseas trade during the Age of Exploration and colonial era.
- During this time, Japan practiced a policy of isolation known as sakoku, which restricted foreign trade and contact with the outside world.
- The Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan from the early 17th century, implemented strict regulations to control foreign influence, leading to a decline in overseas trade activities.

In conclusion, the Japanese were not a trading company during the Age of Exploration and colonial era due to their policy of isolation and limited engagement in overseas trade.