Why high level of buffer stocks of food grains is considered undesirable?

Buffer stocks of food grains refer to the extra stock of food grains that are kept by the government beyond its own requirement to meet any unforeseen situation such as natural calamities, war or any other emergency. However, maintaining a high level of buffer stocks of food grains is considered undesirable due to various reasons.

The arguments that support the idea that high level of buffer stocks of food grains is very undesirable are:

1. High carrying costs: Carrying costs refer to the cost associated with storing and maintaining the food grains in buffer stocks. The higher the buffer stocks, the higher will be the carrying costs. The government has to spend a significant amount of money on warehousing, transportation, and other related expenses. This is a waste of resources as the government could have utilized this money for other welfare programs.

2. Waste of food grains: The excess accumulation of buffer stocks often leads to the wastage of food grains. The food grains may get spoiled due to unfavorable storage conditions, pest infestation, or other factors. This results in a loss of valuable resources and also impacts the environment as the spoiled food grains release harmful gases.

3. Deterioration in grain quality: Keeping excess buffer stocks for a prolonged period may affect the quality of food grains. The food grains may lose their nutritional value, flavor, and texture. This could have serious consequences for the health of the population consuming these grains.

Why is option 'D' the correct answer?

Option 'D' states that proper and best maintenance of food grains supports the idea that high level of buffer stocks of food grains is not undesirable. This is because if the food grains are maintained properly, they will not get spoiled or deteriorate in quality. Proper maintenance includes regular inspection, fumigation, and other measures to ensure that the food grains are stored in favorable conditions.

Thus, option 'D' is the correct answer as it highlights the importance of proper maintenance of food grains to avoid the negative consequences of high buffer stocks.