Which of the following liquid pairs shows a positive deviation from Ra...
(b) Water and hydrochloric acid; and water and nitric acid form miscible solutions. They show negative deviation.
In case of CH3COCH3 and CHCI3, there is interaction between them, thus force of attraction between CH3COCH3....CHCI3 is larger than between CHCI3....CHCI3 or CH3COCH,....CH3COCH3 and thus, vapour pressure is less than expected—a negative deviation.
In case ofCH3OH , there is association by intermolecular H-bonding. When benzene is added toCH3OH, H-bonding breaks and thus, force of attraction between CH3OH and benzene molecule is smaller than between CH3OH or benzene molecules (in pure state). Vapour pressure of mixture is greater than expected—a positive deviation.
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Which of the following liquid pairs shows a positive deviation from Ra...
Positive Deviation from Raoult's Law:
When two components in a liquid mixture have stronger intermolecular forces between themselves than with the solvent, they show a positive deviation from Raoult's law. In such cases, the vapor pressure of the mixture is higher than predicted by Raoult's law.
Explanation:
Benzene and Methanol:
- Benzene and methanol are both organic compounds.
- Benzene exhibits weak London dispersion forces between its molecules, while methanol exhibits hydrogen bonding.
- The intermolecular forces between benzene and methanol are weaker than the forces between the same molecules, resulting in a positive deviation from Raoult's law.
- The stronger hydrogen bonding in methanol causes the vapor pressure of the mixture to be higher than predicted by Raoult's law.
Water and Hydrochloric Acid:
- Water and hydrochloric acid are both polar compounds.
- Both water and hydrochloric acid exhibit hydrogen bonding.
- The intermolecular forces between water and hydrochloric acid are stronger than the forces between the same molecules, resulting in a negative deviation from Raoult's law.
- The stronger hydrogen bonding between water and hydrochloric acid causes the vapor pressure of the mixture to be lower than predicted by Raoult's law.
Water and Nitric Acid:
- Water and nitric acid are both polar compounds.
- Both water and nitric acid exhibit hydrogen bonding.
- The intermolecular forces between water and nitric acid are stronger than the forces between the same molecules, resulting in a negative deviation from Raoult's law.
- The stronger hydrogen bonding between water and nitric acid causes the vapor pressure of the mixture to be lower than predicted by Raoult's law.
Acetone and Chloroform:
- Acetone and chloroform are both organic compounds.
- Acetone exhibits dipole-dipole interactions, while chloroform exhibits weak London dispersion forces.
- The intermolecular forces between acetone and chloroform are weaker than the forces between the same molecules, resulting in a positive deviation from Raoult's law.
- The weaker forces between acetone and chloroform cause the vapor pressure of the mixture to be higher than predicted by Raoult's law.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Benzene and methanol.
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