Wrinkling is a common defect found in deep drawn components.

Deep drawing is a manufacturing process used to produce components with a hollow shape by using a punch to force a sheet of metal into a die cavity. During this process, the sheet of metal undergoes plastic deformation and is stretched into the die cavity, taking on the shape of the cavity.

Wrinkling occurs when the material in the sheet undergoes excessive compressive stresses, causing it to fold or buckle instead of properly stretching into the die cavity. This defect can be visually identified as creases or folds in the surface of the component.

Here are the reasons why deep drawn components are more prone to wrinkling:

1. Material Flow: During deep drawing, the material flows from the blank into the die cavity. The material at the edges of the blank experiences higher tensile stresses compared to the material in the center. If the material at the edges cannot withstand these stresses, it can wrinkle.

2. Insufficient Blank Holder Force: The blank holder is used to hold the blank in place during the deep drawing process. It applies counteracting forces to prevent the material from wrinkling. If the blank holder force is too low, it may not be able to effectively prevent wrinkling.

3. Insufficient Lubrication: Proper lubrication is essential to reduce friction and facilitate material flow during deep drawing. Insufficient lubrication can cause the material to stick to the die surface, leading to wrinkling.

4. Material Properties: The material used for deep drawing should have good ductility and formability. If the material lacks these properties, it may be prone to wrinkling during the deep drawing process.

To prevent wrinkling in deep drawn components, the following measures can be taken:

- Increase the blank holder force to effectively hold the blank in place.
- Improve the lubrication by using suitable lubricants to reduce friction.
- Use materials with better ductility and formability for deep drawing.
- Optimize the design of the die cavity to ensure uniform material flow and minimize stress concentrations.

In conclusion, wrinkling is a common defect found in deep drawn components due to factors such as material flow, insufficient blank holder force, inadequate lubrication, and material properties. By addressing these factors and implementing appropriate measures, wrinkling can be minimized or eliminated during the deep drawing process.