The correct answer is option 'A': Specialised petroleum-based fuel.

Explanation:
Airplanes use a specific type of fuel known as aviation fuel or jet fuel. This fuel is specially designed for use in aircraft and is different from the fuels used in cars or other vehicles. Here is a detailed explanation of why aviation fuel is the special type of fuel used to fly airplanes:

1. Specialized Petroleum-Based Fuel:
- Aviation fuel is a specialized petroleum-based fuel that is specifically formulated for use in aircraft engines. It is commonly referred to as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuel.
- It is produced through a refining process that removes impurities and ensures high quality and consistency.
- The properties of aviation fuel are carefully controlled to meet the specific requirements of aircraft engines, which operate at high altitudes and under extreme conditions.

2. Properties of Aviation Fuel:
- Aviation fuel has a high energy density, which means it can provide a large amount of energy per unit of volume.
- It has a low freezing point to prevent fuel from solidifying at high altitudes where temperatures are extremely low.
- Aviation fuel has a low volatility to minimize the risk of vapor lock, a condition where the fuel vaporizes before reaching the engine, causing a loss of power.
- It also has a high flash point to reduce the risk of accidental ignition.

3. Jet Engines and Aviation Fuel:
- Jet engines, which are used in most commercial airplanes, require a specific type of fuel to operate efficiently.
- These engines rely on a continuous combustion process to produce thrust. Aviation fuel is designed to burn in a controlled manner within the engine, providing the necessary heat energy for propulsion.
- The composition and properties of aviation fuel are optimized to ensure proper combustion and prevent engine damage.

4. Safety and Regulations:
- Aviation fuel is subject to strict safety regulations and quality control measures. It undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it meets the required specifications and standards.
- This ensures the safety and reliability of aircraft engines, as any fuel-related issues can have serious consequences in flight.

In conclusion, aviation fuel is a specialized petroleum-based fuel that is specifically designed for use in aircraft engines. Its unique properties and composition make it the ideal fuel choice for powering airplanes and ensuring safe and efficient flight.

Specialised petroleum based fuel.
the answer is ''A''.