The Universal Drafting Machine
The Universal Drafting Machine is extensively used as a substitute for the T-square and set-square in drafting and engineering tasks. It is a versatile drawing tool that allows for precise and accurate measurements and drawings.

Advantages of the Universal Drafting Machine
- Precision: The Universal Drafting Machine is designed to provide precise measurements and angles. It eliminates the need for manual measurements with a T-square and set-square, reducing the chances of errors.
- Flexibility: This drafting machine allows for easy adjustments and positioning. It can be rotated and locked at any desired angle, making it suitable for various drawing tasks.
- Efficiency: With the Universal Drafting Machine, multiple lines can be drawn simultaneously. This saves time and effort compared to using a T-square and set-square separately.
- Versatility: The Universal Drafting Machine can be used for both horizontal and vertical drawings. It can be easily mounted on a drawing board, making it suitable for different drafting applications.

Components of the Universal Drafting Machine
- Parallel Bar: The parallel bar is the main component of the drafting machine. It is a straight bar that can be moved horizontally and locked into position. The drawing paper is attached to the parallel bar, allowing for smooth and controlled movements.
- Vertical Arm: The vertical arm is attached to the parallel bar and can be adjusted vertically. It allows for precise positioning of the drawing tools, such as pencils, pens, or rulers.
- Protractor Head: The protractor head is a circular component that is mounted on the vertical arm. It contains a protractor, which is used to measure and set angles.
- Scale: The drafting machine may have a built-in scale for measuring distances and lengths. This further enhances its versatility and accuracy.

Applications of the Universal Drafting Machine
The Universal Drafting Machine is widely used in various fields, including:
- Architectural drafting
- Engineering design
- Technical drawing
- Graphic design

Conclusion
The Universal Drafting Machine is extensively used as a substitute for the T-square and set-square due to its precision, flexibility, efficiency, and versatility. It provides accurate measurements and angles, allows for easy adjustments and positioning, and saves time and effort in drawing tasks. Its components, such as the parallel bar, vertical arm, protractor head, and scale, make it a valuable tool for drafting and engineering applications.