Activity to demonstrate endosmosis and exosmosis

Materials Required:
- Two beakers
- Potato slices
- Salt
- Water

Procedure:
1. Take two beakers and fill them with water.
2. Add a tablespoon of salt in one beaker and stir until the salt dissolves completely.
3. Cut a potato into thin slices.
4. Take one potato slice and place it in the beaker with plain water.
5. Take another potato slice and place it in the beaker with saltwater.
6. Leave the potato slices in the beakers for about an hour.
7. Observe the changes that occur in the potato slices.

Observations:
1. The potato slice placed in plain water will swell up as it absorbs water from the beaker. This process is called endosmosis.
2. The potato slice placed in saltwater will shrink as it loses water to the beaker. This process is called exosmosis.

Diagram:
[Insert image of a potato slice in plain water and a potato slice in saltwater]

Explanation:
Endosmosis and exosmosis are processes of movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane. In this activity, the potato slices act as the semipermeable membrane. The plain water in the beaker has a higher concentration of water molecules than the potato slice, so water moves into the potato slice through the semipermeable membrane. This causes the potato slice to swell up. This process is called endosmosis.

On the other hand, the saltwater in the beaker has a lower concentration of water molecules than the potato slice. This causes water to move out of the potato slice through the semipermeable membrane. This causes the potato slice to shrink. This process is called exosmosis.

In conclusion, this activity demonstrates how endosmosis and exosmosis work and how they affect the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane.