The correct answer for plastic and rubber waste disposal is option 'D', which is pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a method that involves heating the waste material in the absence of oxygen to break it down into smaller molecules. This process allows for the conversion of plastic and rubber waste into useful products such as fuel or raw materials for manufacturing.

Below is a detailed explanation of pyrolysis as a method for plastic and rubber waste disposal:

Pyrolysis process:
1. Heating: The plastic and rubber waste is subjected to high temperatures (typically around 400-600°C) in a controlled environment without the presence of oxygen.
2. Decomposition: The waste material undergoes thermal decomposition, breaking down into smaller molecules such as gases, oils, and char.
3. Collection: The resulting products are collected and can be further processed for various applications.

Advantages of pyrolysis for plastic and rubber waste disposal:
1. Resource recovery: Pyrolysis allows for the recovery of valuable resources from plastic and rubber waste. The resulting products can be used as feedstock for the production of new plastics, fuels, or other materials.
2. Energy generation: The pyrolysis process produces gases and oils that can be used as energy sources. These can be used for heat and electricity generation, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels.
3. Waste reduction: By converting plastic and rubber waste into useful products, pyrolysis helps in reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills or incineration facilities.
4. Environmental benefits: Pyrolysis is a low-emission process compared to incineration. It helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.
5. Versatility: Pyrolysis can handle a wide range of plastic and rubber waste, including mixed and contaminated materials, making it a versatile method for waste disposal.

Limitations and challenges:
1. Investment and infrastructure: Implementing pyrolysis as a waste disposal method requires significant investment in specialized equipment and infrastructure.
2. Feedstock quality: The quality and composition of the waste material can affect the efficiency and output of the pyrolysis process. Contaminants and non-combustible materials may need to be removed before processing.
3. Scale and logistics: Pyrolysis plants need to be appropriately sized and located to handle the volume of waste generated. The collection and transportation of waste material to the processing facility also need to be well-managed.

In conclusion, pyrolysis is an effective method for plastic and rubber waste disposal. It offers several advantages, including resource recovery, energy generation, waste reduction, and environmental benefits. However, it also comes with certain challenges that need to be addressed for successful implementation.

As it causes air pollution