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1. “The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law”. Explain?
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1. “The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that...
**The Authority of the Rules of the Constitution**

The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law. The constitution is the supreme law of the land, and it sets the framework for the establishment and functioning of the government. It establishes the basic rights and freedoms of the citizens, outlines the powers and responsibilities of the different branches of government, and provides a system of checks and balances to ensure the government operates within the limits set by the constitution.

**The Supremacy of the Constitution**

1. The constitution is the supreme law of the land. This means that all other laws must conform to the constitution and cannot contradict its provisions. If there is a conflict between a law and the constitution, the law will be declared unconstitutional and will be struck down.

2. The authority of the constitution comes from the fact that it represents the will of the people. The constitution is usually adopted through a process of popular consent, such as a referendum or a vote by elected representatives. By doing so, the people give their consent to be governed by the rules and principles laid out in the constitution.

3. The authority of the constitution is also derived from the fact that it provides a stable and predictable framework for governance. It establishes the rules and procedures that must be followed in order to exercise power and make decisions. This ensures that the government operates in a fair and consistent manner, and provides a basis for resolving disputes and conflicts.

**The Role of the Judiciary**

1. The judiciary plays a crucial role in upholding the authority of the constitution. It is responsible for interpreting the constitution and ensuring that the laws and actions of the government are in accordance with its provisions. If a law is found to be unconstitutional, the judiciary has the power to strike it down and declare it null and void.

2. The judiciary also acts as a guardian of the constitution by protecting the rights and freedoms of the citizens. It has the power to review and invalidate any government action that violates the constitutional rights of individuals or groups.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, the authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law. The constitution is the supreme law of the land and provides the framework for the functioning of the government. Its authority comes from the fact that it represents the will of the people, provides stability and predictability in governance, and is upheld and interpreted by the judiciary.
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1. “The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that...
The constitution is the supreme law of the country. The restrictions laid down in the constitution are the basis on which all the other laws are framed. Therefore, it follows that all the constitutional rules have the same authority, probably even enormous, like any other law of the country.
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Question No. 53 to 58 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:Zimbabwe attained independence from White minority rule in 1980. Since then the country has been ruled by ZANU-PF, the party that led the freedom struggle. Its leader, Robert Mugabe, ruled the country since independence. Elections were held regularly and always won by ZANU-PF. President Mugabe was popular but also used unfair practices in elections. Over the years his government changed the constitution several times to increase the powers of the President and make him less accountable.Opposition party workers were harassed and their meetings disrupted. Public protests and demonstrations against the government were declared illegal. There was a law that limited the right to criticise the President. Television and radio were controlled by the government and gave only the ruling party’s version. There were independent newspapers but the government harassed those journalists who went against it. The government ignored some court judgments that went against it and pressurised judges. He was forced out of office in 2017. The example of Zimbabwe shows thatpopular approval of the rulers is necessary for a democracy, but it is not sufficient. Popular governments can be undemocratic. Popular leaders can be autocratic. If we wish to assess a democracy, it is important to look at the elections. But it is equally important to look before and after the elections. There should be sufficient room for normal political activity, including political opposition, in the period before elections. This requires that the state should respect some basic rights of the citizen. They should be free to think, to have opinions, to express these in public, to form associations, to protest and take other political actions. Everyone should be equal in the eyes of law. These rights must be protected by an independent judiciary whose orders are obeyed by everyone.Q.Does the given source explain the significance of which feature of democracy?

Question No. 53 to 58 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:Zimbabwe attained independence from White minority rule in 1980. Since then the country has been ruled by ZANU-PF, the party that led the freedom struggle. Its leader, Robert Mugabe, ruled the country since independence. Elections were held regularly and always won by ZANU-PF. President Mugabe was popular but also used unfair practices in elections. Over the years his government changed the constitution several times to increase the powers of the President and make him less accountable.Opposition party workers were harassed and their meetings disrupted. Public protests and demonstrations against the government were declared illegal. There was a law that limited the right to criticise the President. Television and radio were controlled by the government and gave only the ruling party’s version. There were independent newspapers but the government harassed those journalists who went against it. The government ignored some court judgments that went against it and pressurised judges. He was forced out of office in 2017. The example of Zimbabwe shows thatpopular approval of the rulers is necessary for a democracy, but it is not sufficient. Popular governments can be undemocratic. Popular leaders can be autocratic. If we wish to assess a democracy, it is important to look at the elections. But it is equally important to look before and after the elections. There should be sufficient room for normal political activity, including political opposition, in the period before elections. This requires that the state should respect some basic rights of the citizen. They should be free to think, to have opinions, to express these in public, to form associations, to protest and take other political actions. Everyone should be equal in the eyes of law. These rights must be protected by an independent judiciary whose orders are obeyed by everyone.Q.What does the example of Zimbabwe show?

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1. “The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law”. Explain?
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