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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.
Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.
Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?
- a)C6H5Cl
- b)CH2=CHCl
- c)ClCH2 - CH = CH2
- d)CH3CH=CHCl
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleo...
Order of reactivity of different halo compounds towards nucleophilic substitution reaction are:
Allyl chloride > Vinyl chloride > Chlorobenzene
Allyl chloride > Vinyl chloride > Chlorobenzene
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleo...
Order of reactivity of different halo compounds towards nucleophilic substitution reaction are:
Allyl chloride > Vinyl chloride > Chlorobenzene
Allyl chloride > Vinyl chloride > Chlorobenzene
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleo...
Reactivity of alkyl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are organic reactions in which a nucleophile, a species that donates a pair of electrons, replaces a leaving group in a molecule. These reactions are of two types: substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1). The reactivity of alkyl halides towards these reactions depends on various factors.
Factors affecting reactivity:
1. Steric hindrance: Steric hindrance refers to the hindrance or obstruction caused by the presence of bulky groups around the reacting center. In SN2 reactions, steric hindrance decreases reactivity, as it makes it difficult for the nucleophile to approach the carbon atom. On the other hand, in SN1 reactions, steric hindrance has no effect on reactivity because the nucleophile attacks the carbocation intermediate from a different direction.
2. Stability of intermediate or transition state: In SN1 reactions, the reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The stability of this intermediate determines the reactivity. Tertiary alkyl halides have more stable carbocation intermediates due to the presence of more alkyl groups, thus making them more reactive. In SN2 reactions, there is no formation of a stable intermediate, so the stability of the intermediate does not affect the reactivity.
3. Polarity of solvent: The polarity of the solvent plays a significant role in both SN1 and SN2 reactions. In SN1 reactions, a polar protic solvent (solvent that can form hydrogen bonds) stabilizes the carbocation intermediate, leading to increased reactivity. In SN2 reactions, a polar aprotic solvent (solvent that cannot form hydrogen bonds) is preferred as it helps in solvation of the nucleophile and facilitates its attack on the alkyl halide.
Reactivity order of alkyl halides:
Based on the above factors, the reactivity order of alkyl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions is as follows:
SN1 reaction mechanism: tertiary > secondary > primary
SN2 reaction mechanism: primary > secondary > tertiary
Answer:
Among the given options, ClCH2 - CH = CH2 (option C) is the most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. This is because it is a primary alkyl halide, which is favored in both SN1 and SN2 reactions. Additionally, the absence of steric hindrance and the presence of a highly polarizable halide atom (chlorine) make it more reactive. The other options, C6H5Cl (option A), CH2=CHCl (option B), and CH3CH=CHCl (option D), are either secondary or tertiary alkyl halides, which are less reactive compared to primary alkyl halides.
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are organic reactions in which a nucleophile, a species that donates a pair of electrons, replaces a leaving group in a molecule. These reactions are of two types: substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1). The reactivity of alkyl halides towards these reactions depends on various factors.
Factors affecting reactivity:
1. Steric hindrance: Steric hindrance refers to the hindrance or obstruction caused by the presence of bulky groups around the reacting center. In SN2 reactions, steric hindrance decreases reactivity, as it makes it difficult for the nucleophile to approach the carbon atom. On the other hand, in SN1 reactions, steric hindrance has no effect on reactivity because the nucleophile attacks the carbocation intermediate from a different direction.
2. Stability of intermediate or transition state: In SN1 reactions, the reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The stability of this intermediate determines the reactivity. Tertiary alkyl halides have more stable carbocation intermediates due to the presence of more alkyl groups, thus making them more reactive. In SN2 reactions, there is no formation of a stable intermediate, so the stability of the intermediate does not affect the reactivity.
3. Polarity of solvent: The polarity of the solvent plays a significant role in both SN1 and SN2 reactions. In SN1 reactions, a polar protic solvent (solvent that can form hydrogen bonds) stabilizes the carbocation intermediate, leading to increased reactivity. In SN2 reactions, a polar aprotic solvent (solvent that cannot form hydrogen bonds) is preferred as it helps in solvation of the nucleophile and facilitates its attack on the alkyl halide.
Reactivity order of alkyl halides:
Based on the above factors, the reactivity order of alkyl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions is as follows:
SN1 reaction mechanism: tertiary > secondary > primary
SN2 reaction mechanism: primary > secondary > tertiary
Answer:
Among the given options, ClCH2 - CH = CH2 (option C) is the most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. This is because it is a primary alkyl halide, which is favored in both SN1 and SN2 reactions. Additionally, the absence of steric hindrance and the presence of a highly polarizable halide atom (chlorine) make it more reactive. The other options, C6H5Cl (option A), CH2=CHCl (option B), and CH3CH=CHCl (option D), are either secondary or tertiary alkyl halides, which are less reactive compared to primary alkyl halides.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Class 12.
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Here you can find the meaning of Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an
ample number of questions to practice Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types; substitution nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2) and substitution nucleophilic unimolecular (SN1) depending on molecules taking part in determining the rate of reaction. Reactivity of alkyl halide towards SN1 and SN2 reactions depends on various factors such as steric hindrance, stability of intermediate or transition state and polarity of solvent. SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide or transition state and polarity of solvent, SN2 reaction mechanism is favoured mostly by primary alkyl halide then secondary and then tertiary. This order is reversed in case of SN1 reactions.Q. Which of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction?a)C6H5Clb)CH2=CHClc)ClCH2 - CH = CH2d)CH3CH=CHClCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Class 12 tests.
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