1️⃣ Nij
2️⃣ Ryoti

In the Nij system, the British planters produced indigo in lands that they directly control.

In the Ryoti system, the planters signed a contract with a peasant under which the peasant was controlled to grow indigo.


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Two Methods of Indigo Cultivation

There are primarily two methods of indigo cultivation: traditional method and modern method. Both methods involve specific techniques and practices to grow indigo plants and extract their valuable dye. Let's explore each method in detail:

Traditional Method:

The traditional method of indigo cultivation has been practiced for centuries, especially in regions where indigo has historically been grown. It involves the following steps:

1. Selection of Land: Suitable land is selected for indigo cultivation. The soil should be well-drained, fertile, and rich in organic matter.

2. Preparation of Land: The selected land is plowed and leveled to create a suitable bed for sowing indigo seeds.

3. Sowing of Seeds: Indigo seeds are sown either directly in the field or in nurseries. The seeds are usually sown in rows with proper spacing to ensure healthy growth.

4. Irrigation: Adequate water supply is necessary for indigo plants. They require regular watering, especially during dry periods.

5. Weeding: Regular weeding is done to remove any unwanted plants or weeds that may hinder the growth of indigo plants.

6. Harvesting: Indigo plants are harvested when they reach maturity, usually after 3-4 months. The leaves are plucked manually or with the help of sickles.

7. Fermentation: The harvested leaves are piled up and allowed to ferment for a specific period. This process helps in breaking down the plant material and releasing the indigo dye.

8. Extraction of Indigo: After fermentation, the indigo dye is extracted from the leaves by soaking them in water and beating them to release the dye particles. The water is then drained, leaving behind the indigo paste.

Modern Method:

With advancements in agricultural technology, a modern method of indigo cultivation has emerged, which involves the following techniques:

1. Hybrid Varieties: Modern indigo cultivation involves the use of hybrid varieties that are specifically bred to produce higher yields and quality dye. These varieties are resistant to diseases and pests.

2. Chemical Inputs: Fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides are used to promote healthy growth and protect the indigo plants from pests and diseases. However, organic farming practices may also be adopted to minimize the use of chemicals.

3. Irrigation Systems: Modern methods often utilize efficient irrigation systems such as drip irrigation or sprinklers to ensure optimal water supply to the indigo plants.

4. Harvesting Techniques: Mechanized tools and machinery are used for harvesting indigo plants in the modern method. This helps in reducing labor costs and increasing efficiency.

5. Processing Techniques: Advanced machinery and equipment are used for the extraction of indigo dye. This ensures a more efficient and standardized process.

6. Quality Control: Modern techniques focus on maintaining consistent quality of indigo dye by implementing strict quality control measures throughout the cultivation and processing stages.

Overall, while the traditional method of indigo cultivation relies on age-old practices and manual labor, the modern method incorporates technological advancements to enhance productivity, quality, and efficiency