The Provisional Government in Russia was formed by a coalition of Soviet leaders and Duma leaders. The formation of the Provisional Government took place in the aftermath of the February Revolution in 1917, which resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the collapse of the autocratic regime.

1. Background of the February Revolution:
- The February Revolution was a mass uprising that began with demonstrations and strikes in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) in response to food shortages, high prices, and the hardships faced by the Russian population during World War I.
- The discontent among the people, along with the military's refusal to suppress the protests, led to the fall of the monarchy and the establishment of a provisional government.

2. Formation of the Provisional Government:
- The Provisional Government was formed to provide a temporary administration until a constituent assembly could be convened to establish a permanent government.
- The Soviet leaders, representing workers and soldiers, and the Duma leaders, representing the bourgeoisie and liberal elements, joined forces to create a coalition government.
- The Soviet leaders had gained influence during the revolution through the formation of soviets, which were workers' councils that had sprung up across the country.
- The Duma leaders, who were already part of the State Duma (the legislative body established by Nicholas II), collaborated with the Soviet leaders to form a united front against the autocracy.

3. Composition and Role of the Provisional Government:
- The Provisional Government was composed of prominent figures from both the Soviet and Duma leaders, including Alexander Kerensky, Pavel Milyukov, and Georgy Lvov.
- The government aimed to bring about political reforms, such as the establishment of civil liberties, democratic elections, and the drafting of a new constitution.
- However, the Provisional Government faced numerous challenges, including the ongoing war, land reform demands, and the rise of radical socialist movements.

4. Influence and Power Struggles:
- The Provisional Government's authority was limited, as the soviets held significant power and influence over the masses.
- The soviet leaders, particularly the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin, criticized the Provisional Government as being too moderate and called for a socialist revolution.
- The power struggles between the Provisional Government and the soviets eventually led to the October Revolution, where the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and established a socialist government.

In summary, the Provisional Government in Russia was formed by a coalition of Soviet leaders and Duma leaders in the aftermath of the February Revolution. This temporary administration aimed to bring about political reforms and establish a democratic system. However, the Provisional Government faced challenges and power struggles, eventually leading to its overthrow by the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution.