Latitude:
- Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Earth's equator.
- It is measured in degrees and ranges from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.
- Latitude affects climate and weather patterns because it determines the angle at which the sun's rays strike different parts of the Earth's surface.
- Places near the equator receive more direct sunlight and have warmer climates, while places near the poles receive less direct sunlight and have colder climates.

Altitude:
- Altitude refers to the height of a location above sea level.
- As altitude increases, the air pressure decreases, which affects temperature and weather conditions.
- Higher altitudes generally have cooler temperatures because the air is less dense and cannot hold as much heat.
- Altitude also influences precipitation patterns, with higher altitudes often receiving more rainfall or snowfall.

Pressure and Wind Systems:
- Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point.
- Differences in air pressure create wind, which is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
- Wind systems, such as the trade winds and prevailing westerlies, are global patterns of wind that distribute heat and moisture around the Earth.
- These wind systems play a crucial role in weather patterns and climate.

Distance from the Sea:
- Places located near the sea or ocean tend to have milder climates compared to inland areas.
- This is because water has a higher specific heat capacity than land, meaning it can absorb and release heat more slowly.
- As a result, coastal areas experience less temperature variation throughout the year.
- The proximity to the sea also influences humidity levels, with coastal regions often being more humid.

Ocean Currents:
- Ocean currents are large-scale movements of water in the ocean.
- They are driven by various factors, including temperature differences, wind patterns, and the Earth's rotation.
- Ocean currents can transport heat from one region to another, affecting climate and weather patterns.
- For example, warm ocean currents can raise the temperature of coastal areas, while cold ocean currents can contribute to cooler climates.

Relief Features:
- Relief features refer to the physical characteristics of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus.
- These features influence local weather patterns by affecting the movement of air masses.
- Mountains, for instance, can block the flow of air and cause it to rise, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation on one side of the mountain.
- Relief features can also create microclimates, with different temperature and precipitation patterns occurring in valleys or on slopes compared to surrounding areas.

In conclusion, latitude, altitude, pressure and wind systems, distance from the sea, ocean currents, and relief features all play significant roles in shaping climate and weather patterns around the world. These factors interact with each other to create diverse climates and weather conditions, impacting everything from temperature and precipitation to wind patterns and humidity levels.