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32. Assertion (A) By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern part of Sri Lanka. Reason (R) Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.?
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32. Assertion (A) By 1980s several political organisations were formed...
Background: Sri Lanka is a multi-ethnic country with Sinhalese as the majority ethnic group and Tamils as the minority. The Tamils were unhappy with the discriminatory policies of the Sri Lankan government and demanded a separate Tamil Eelam in the northern and eastern parts of the country.

Assertion (A): By the 1980s, several political organizations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.

Reason (R): Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees, and many more lost their livelihoods.

Explanation:

  • Formation of Political Organizations: In the 1970s, the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) was formed, which demanded a separate Tamil state. In the 1980s, several militant groups emerged, such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which resorted to violence to achieve their goal.

  • Discriminatory Policies: The Sri Lankan government had discriminatory policies against Tamils, such as the standardization policy, which limited Tamil students' access to higher education. The Tamils were also excluded from government jobs and faced discrimination in many other areas.

  • Forced Migration: Many Tamils were forced to leave the country as refugees due to the civil war and violence. According to the United Nations, around 200,000 Tamils fled Sri Lanka during the civil war. This forced migration disrupted the lives of Tamil families and led to the loss of their homes and livelihoods.

  • Violent Conflict: The demand for an independent Tamil Eelam led to a violent conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the militant groups. The conflict lasted for over two decades and led to the loss of thousands of lives.



Conclusion: The demand for an independent Tamil Eelam was a result of the discriminatory policies of the Sri Lankan government and the forced migration of Tamils. The violent conflict that followed led to the loss of many lives and disrupted the lives of many Tamils.
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32. Assertion (A) By 1980s several political organisations were formed...
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The eastern and the western wings of Pakistan were separated by about 1,600 km. They were united solely by the bond of religion. The rulers of Pakistan suppressed the people of the eastern wing and denied them any say in the affairs of the government. They reduced East Bengal to the position of a colony of West Pakistan and exploited her, Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman and his party (A wami Leagu e), the people of East Bengal demanded restoration of democracy and an end to their exploitation by West Pakistan.Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman was arrested and the Pakistani army let loose a reign of terror against the pecople of East Bengal. As a result, about 10 million people of East Bengal escaped to India. It created a great human problem for Inida. In the meantime, the leaders of East Bengal declared East Bengal as a sovereign, independent nation (Bangladesh) and organised an army (Mukti Vahini) to free their country from the Pakistani army. On December 3, 1971, Pakistan, having failed to suppress the Mukti Vahini, declared war on India. This war came to an end within 14 days after the defeat of Pakistan. The Pakistani army surrendered on December 17, 1971. The eastern wing of Pakistan became anindependent state under the name of Bangladesh. A conference of the leaders of India and pakistan was held at Shimla in 1972. Both the countries agreed to return the territories conquered by each other during the war. They also agreed to solve their mutual disputes through peaceful negotiations.India was the first country to recognise the peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Many other countries also recognised this new state. Bangladesh adopted the principles of democracy, socialism and secularism. During the time of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehmans government, the relations between the two countries were very cordial. India developed trade relatons with Bangladesh and helped in the rebuilding of Bangladesh in every possible way. The question relating to the Farakka Barrage was also resolved. Since 1971 both the countries have established close political, economic and cultural relations.Although Bangladesh has seen many ups and downs since her establishment. India is trying its best to maintainfriendly relations with her. Whenever there is any calamity, drought, flood etc., in Bangla-desh, India has always extended a helping hand to that country. India also agreed in 1992 to hand over Tin Bigha corridor to Bangladesh. Similary, Bangladesh also agreed to take back the Chakma refugees. In December 1996, Inida signed a historic treaty with Bangladesh, over the sharing of the Ganga waters. This treaty will remain in force for 30 years.Q.What was the condition of Bangladesh at the time of Independence in 1971 ?(

Directions (1– 10) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. certain words / phrases in the passage are given in underline to help you locate then while answering some of the questions.The eastern and the western wings of Pakistan were separated by about 1,600 km. They were united solely by the bond of religion. The rulers of Pakistan suppressed the people of the eastern wing and denied them any say in the affairs of the government. They reduced East Bengal to the position of a colony of West Pakistan and exploited her, Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman and his party (A wami Leagu e), the people of East Bengal demanded restoration of democracy and an end to their exploitation by West Pakistan.Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman was arrested and the Pakistani army let loose a reign of terror against the pecople of East Bengal. As a result, about 10 million people of East Bengal escaped to India. It created a great human problem for Inida. In the meantime, the leaders of East Bengal declared East Bengal as a sovereign, independent nation (Bangladesh) and organised an army (Mukti Vahini) to free their country from the Pakistani army. On December 3, 1971, Pakistan, having failed to suppress the Mukti Vahini, declared war on India. This war came to an end within 14 days after the defeat of Pakistan. The Pakistani army surrendered on December 17, 1971. The eastern wing of Pakistan became anindependent state under the name of Bangladesh. A conference of the leaders of India and pakistan was held at Shimla in 1972. Both the countries agreed to return the territories conquered by each other during the war. They also agreed to solve their mutual disputes through peaceful negotiations.India was the first country to recognise the peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Many other countries also recognised this new state. Bangladesh adopted the principles of democracy, socialism and secularism. During the time of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehmans government, the relations between the two countries were very cordial. India developed trade relatons with Bangladesh and helped in the rebuilding of Bangladesh in every possible way. The question relating to the Farakka Barrage was also resolved. Since 1971 both the countries have established close political, economic and cultural relations.Although Bangladesh has seen many ups and downs since her establishment. India is trying its best to maintainfriendly relations with her. Whenever there is any calamity, drought, flood etc., in Bangla-desh, India has always extended a helping hand to that country. India also agreed in 1992 to hand over Tin Bigha corridor to Bangladesh. Similary, Bangladesh also agreed to take back the Chakma refugees. In December 1996, Inida signed a historic treaty with Bangladesh, over the sharing of the Ganga waters. This treaty will remain in force for 30 years.Q.Who became the first President of Bangladesh after its independence in 1971 ?

32. Assertion (A) By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern part of Sri Lanka. Reason (R) Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.?
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