Funding for Departmental Undertakings can come from a variety of sources, including debentures, shares, the government treasury, and loans from financial institutions.

1. Debentures:
Debentures are a form of long-term borrowing for a company or organization. They are essentially loan agreements that are issued by the company and sold to investors. The issuer, in this case, the Departmental Undertaking, promises to repay the principal amount along with interest at a specified future date. Debentures can be a source of funding for Departmental Undertakings as they provide access to capital without diluting ownership or control.

2. Shares:
Shares, also known as equity or stock, represent ownership in a company. Departmental Undertakings can raise funds by issuing shares to investors. By selling shares, the Departmental Undertaking is essentially selling ownership stakes in the company. Shareholders then become entitled to a portion of the company's profits and assets. This can be an attractive source of funding as it allows the Departmental Undertaking to raise capital without incurring debt. However, it also means that the Departmental Undertaking will have to share ownership and control with the shareholders.

3. Government Treasury:
Departmental Undertakings can also receive funding from the government treasury. The government may allocate funds for specific projects or initiatives undertaken by these undertakings. This source of funding can be advantageous as it does not involve any repayment obligations or dilution of ownership. However, it is subject to government priorities and budgetary constraints.

4. Loans from Financial Institutions:
Departmental Undertakings can obtain loans from financial institutions such as banks, credit unions, or other lending organizations. These loans are typically repaid with interest over a specified period. Loans can provide the necessary capital for Departmental Undertakings to finance their operations, invest in new projects, or meet short-term funding needs. However, the Departmental Undertaking will need to meet the lender's requirements and repay the loan according to the agreed terms.

In conclusion, Departmental Undertakings can obtain funding from a variety of sources, including debentures, shares, the government treasury, and loans from financial institutions. The choice of funding source will depend on factors such as the financial needs of the undertaking, ownership and control considerations, and the availability of different funding options.