Introduction:
Charging a body refers to the process of transferring electric charge to or from an object. There are various methods by which a body can be charged, including touching it to a charged body, rubbing it against another body, and bringing a charged body near it.

Charging by Touching:
When a charged body comes into contact with an uncharged body, the electric charge is transferred between the two objects. This is known as charging by touching or conduction. The charged body transfers some of its excess charge to the uncharged body until both bodies have the same charge. For example, if a charged rod is touched to an uncharged metal sphere, some of the charge from the rod will transfer to the sphere, resulting in both objects acquiring the same charge.

Charging by Rubbing:
Charging by rubbing, also known as charging by friction or triboelectric charging, involves rubbing two objects together. When two different materials are rubbed against each other, electrons can be transferred from one material to another. This transfer of electrons results in one object becoming positively charged and the other becoming negatively charged. For instance, rubbing a glass rod with silk cloth transfers electrons from the glass to the silk, causing the glass rod to become positively charged and the silk cloth to become negatively charged.

Charging by Induction:
Charging by induction involves bringing a charged body near an uncharged body without direct contact. When a charged object is brought close to an uncharged object, the charges in the uncharged object redistribute. If the charged object is negatively charged, the electrons in the uncharged object will be repelled and move away from the charged object, leaving a positive charge on the side closer to the charged object. Similarly, if the charged object is positively charged, the electrons in the uncharged object will be attracted and move toward the charged object, leaving a negative charge on the side closer to the charged object.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a body can be charged by touching it to a charged body, rubbing it against another body, or bringing a charged body near it. These methods involve the transfer of electric charge through conduction, friction, or induction. Understanding these methods is crucial in studying the behavior of electric charges and the principles of electrostatics.

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