**MCQ Document: The Cell - The Fundamental Unit of Life**

**1. What is the fundamental unit of life?**
a. Tissue
b. Organ
c. Organ system
d. Cell

**Answer: d. Cell**

Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that can perform all the necessary functions required for survival.

**2. Who discovered the cell?**
a. Robert Hooke
b. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Robert Brown

**Answer: a. Robert Hooke**

Explanation: Robert Hooke, an English scientist, discovered the cell in 1665 while observing a thin slice of cork under a microscope. He named the small compartments he saw "cells" because they reminded him of the small rooms monks lived in.

**3. Which type of cells lack a well-defined nucleus?**
a. Prokaryotic cells
b. Eukaryotic cells
c. Animal cells
d. Plant cells

**Answer: a. Prokaryotic cells**

Explanation: Prokaryotic cells are simple and lack a well-defined nucleus. The genetic material in these cells is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus. Bacteria and archaea are examples of prokaryotic organisms.

**4. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?**
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Chloroplast
d. Golgi apparatus

**Answer: c. Chloroplast**

Explanation: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and other pigments. They are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy to produce food.

**5. Which cell organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell?**
a. Nucleus
b. Mitochondria
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Ribosomes

**Answer: b. Mitochondria**

Explanation: Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration. They are present in both plant and animal cells.

These MCQs provide a basic understanding of cells as the fundamental unit of life. Further exploration and study will reveal more intricate details about cell structure, organelles, and their functions.