Polar Protic Solvent:

A polar protic solvent is a type of solvent that possesses a dipole moment and has the ability to donate hydrogen bonds. These solvents are characterized by having polar molecules with a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end. The presence of hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen or nitrogen in the solvent molecules allows them to form hydrogen bonds. Examples of polar protic solvents include water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

Non-Polar Protic Solvent:

In contrast, a non-polar protic solvent is a type of solvent that lacks a dipole moment and does not have the ability to form hydrogen bonds. These solvents are composed of molecules that have a symmetrical distribution of charge, resulting in no separation of positive and negative poles. Non-polar protic solvents typically have low dielectric constants and are unable to dissolve polar or ionic compounds. Examples of non-polar protic solvents include hexane (C6H14), benzene (C6H6), and toluene (C7H8).

Differences:

1. Polar Character:
- Polar protic solvents have a dipole moment and exhibit a significant separation of positive and negative charges, while non-polar protic solvents lack a dipole moment and do not have a separation of charges.
- Polar protic solvents have a higher dielectric constant compared to non-polar protic solvents.

2. Hydrogen Bonding:
- Polar protic solvents have the ability to form hydrogen bonds due to the presence of hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen or nitrogen, whereas non-polar protic solvents cannot form hydrogen bonds.
- Hydrogen bonding in polar protic solvents influences solubility, reactivity, and other properties of solutes.
- Non-polar protic solvents are unable to dissolve polar or ionic compounds due to the absence of hydrogen bonding.

3. Solubility:
- Polar protic solvents are generally good solvents for polar and ionic compounds due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with solutes.
- Non-polar protic solvents are suitable for dissolving non-polar compounds, such as hydrocarbons, oils, and fats, but are not effective in solubilizing polar or ionic substances.

4. Reactivity:
- The presence of polar protic solvents can influence reaction rates and mechanisms due to their ability to solvate and stabilize charged intermediates and transition states.
- Non-polar protic solvents are less likely to affect reaction rates and mechanisms as they lack the ability to solvate charged species.

In summary, the main difference between polar protic and non-polar protic solvents lies in their polarity, hydrogen bonding capabilities, solubility properties, and influence on reaction rates and mechanisms. Polar protic solvents are polar, capable of hydrogen bonding, and dissolve polar and ionic solutes, while non-polar protic solvents lack these characteristics and are better suited for dissolving non-polar compounds.