Situation of Girls and Women 200 years ago:
- Women's Roles: In the society 200 years ago, women were primarily expected to fulfill traditional gender roles such as being wives, mothers, and homemakers. Their main responsibilities revolved around taking care of the household chores and raising children. Women had limited opportunities for education and were discouraged from pursuing careers or participating in public life. Their roles were largely defined by societal expectations and norms.

- Lack of Education: Education for girls and women was not considered a priority during that time. The prevailing belief was that women did not need education beyond basic literacy. Consequently, access to education was limited for girls, and even if they had the opportunity to attend school, the curriculum was often restricted and focused on domestic skills rather than academic subjects.

- Restricted Freedom: Women had limited freedom and autonomy over their lives. They were expected to adhere to strict codes of conduct and were often confined to their homes. Public spaces were predominantly male-dominated, and women's participation in social, political, and economic activities was highly restricted.

- Child Marriage: Child marriage was a prevalent practice, where girls were married off at a young age, sometimes even before puberty. Marriage was seen as a way to secure their future and maintain social status. This practice limited girls' opportunities for education and personal development, as they were expected to take on adult responsibilities at a very young age.

- Gender Inequality: Gender inequality was deeply ingrained in society, with women experiencing discrimination and marginalization. They had limited legal rights and were often considered the property of their husbands or male family members. Inheritance laws favored males, and women had little control over their own property or financial matters.

- Lack of Social Reform: Society, in general, was resistant to any form of social reform that challenged traditional gender roles and patriarchal norms. Women who dared to question or challenge the status quo were often ostracized or faced severe consequences.

Chapter Notes - Women Caste and Reform:
The chapter "Women Caste and Reform" focuses on the struggles and reform movements initiated by women in the 19th century to challenge their subordinate status and advocate for their rights. It highlights the efforts of women like Savitribai Phule, Pandita Ramabai, Tarabai Shinde, and others who fought against social evils such as child marriage, education discrimination, and widowhood practices.

The chapter also discusses the formation of women's organizations and the role played by male reformers in supporting women's rights. It explores the debates and discussions that emerged during this period regarding women's education, widow remarriage, and women's participation in public life.

Overall, the chapter sheds light on the struggles faced by women in the past and the efforts made by individuals and organizations to bring about social change and empower women in society. It highlights the importance of gender equality and the need for ongoing efforts to address gender-based discrimination and oppression.

Two hundred years ago, the situation of women was altogether different compared to in the modern times. The practice of child marriage was rampant.