Introduction

The Western Ghats is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India. It is considered one of the eight hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world. The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall from the southwest monsoon winds, which leads to the growth of dense forests. However, the western slopes of the Western Ghats are covered with thick forests, while the eastern slopes have comparatively less forest cover.

Factors influencing forest cover on Western Ghats

1. Rainfall: The western slopes of the Western Ghats receive significantly higher rainfall compared to the eastern slopes. The southwest monsoon winds hit the western slopes first, causing orographic rainfall. The high amount of rainfall on the western slopes creates ideal conditions for the growth of dense forests. On the other hand, the eastern slopes receive less rainfall due to the rain shadow effect, resulting in relatively drier conditions and less forest cover.

2. Altitude: The Western Ghats are characterized by varying altitudes, with the highest peaks in the southern region. The altitude plays a crucial role in determining the type of vegetation found in different areas. Higher altitudes experience cooler temperatures and greater moisture, creating favorable conditions for the growth of forests. The western slopes, which have higher altitudes, provide a suitable environment for the establishment of dense forests.

3. Geographical features: The western slopes of the Western Ghats are generally steep and rugged, with deep valleys and narrow plateaus. These geographical features facilitate the retention of moisture and contribute to the formation of dense forests. In contrast, the eastern slopes are relatively gentler and have wider plateaus, which allow water to drain away more easily, resulting in less forest cover.

4. Human activities: Human activities, such as deforestation and agriculture, have also contributed to the variation in forest cover on the Western Ghats. The western slopes have witnessed fewer human interventions due to their difficult terrain and challenging accessibility. This has allowed the natural forests to thrive, leading to their dense cover. Conversely, the eastern slopes have been more accessible and susceptible to anthropogenic activities, resulting in reduced forest cover.

Conclusion

The variation in forest cover between the western and eastern slopes of the Western Ghats can be attributed to factors such as rainfall, altitude, geographical features, and human activities. The higher rainfall, higher altitudes, rugged terrain, and limited human interference on the western slopes have created ideal conditions for the growth of dense forests. Understanding these factors is crucial for the conservation and management of the biodiversity-rich Western Ghats.