Background:
The English East India Company was a trading company that operated in India during the colonial era. They established their first factory in Surat, a city in Gujarat, in the early 17th century. The permission to set up this factory was granted by Jahangir, the Mughal emperor at that time.

Explanation:
- Jahangir: Jahangir, whose full name was Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim, was the fourth Mughal emperor of India. He ruled from 1605 to 1627 and was known for his interest in art and culture.
- English East India Company: The English East India Company was a trading company formed for the purpose of trading with the East Indies, including India. It was granted a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1600.
- Surat: Surat was a major port city and a center of trade during the Mughal period. It was strategically located on the western coast of India, making it a favorable location for trading activities.
- Establishment of the factory: The English East India Company sought permission from the Mughal emperor to establish a trading post or factory in Surat. The company was interested in accessing the lucrative Indian markets and establishing a foothold in the region.
- Permission granted: Jahangir granted permission to the English East India Company to set up their first factory in Surat. This permission allowed the company to engage in trade and establish a physical presence in the city.
- Reasons for granting permission: There were several factors that influenced Jahangir's decision to grant permission to the English East India Company:
- Economic benefits: The company promised to bring in goods and wealth from Europe, which would benefit the Mughal Empire economically.
- Diplomatic relations: Jahangir saw the English as potential allies and wanted to establish diplomatic ties with European powers.
- Technological advancements: The English had advanced naval technology, which Jahangir was interested in acquiring.
- Competition with other European powers: Jahangir wanted to counter the influence of other European powers such as the Portuguese and the Dutch, who already had a presence in India.

Conclusion:
The English East India Company obtained permission from Jahangir, the Mughal emperor, to set up their first factory in Surat. This permission was granted due to various factors, including economic benefits, diplomatic relations, technological advancements, and competition with other European powers.