Shifting of the Capital from Kolkata to Delhi in 1911

In 1911, the capital of India was shifted from Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta) to Delhi. This decision was made during the reign of British India.

Reasons for the Shift
- Administrative Convenience: Kolkata, being the capital of British India, was located on the eastern coast of India. It was far away from the central regions of the country, which made it difficult for the British government to administer the entire nation effectively. Therefore, there was a need to shift the capital to a more central location.
- Security Concerns: During that time, the British government faced several challenges in maintaining law and order in different parts of India. The eastern region, where Kolkata was located, was particularly prone to political unrest and nationalist movements. Moving the capital to a more secure location was seen as a measure to improve governance and security.
- Symbolic Representation: The British government wanted to establish a new capital that could symbolize their authority and power over India. Delhi, with its historical significance and grandeur, was chosen as the new capital to showcase the British Empire's dominance.
- Urban Planning: The shift of the capital also provided an opportunity for the British government to plan and develop a new city. Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker were appointed as the chief architects for designing the new capital, which came to be known as New Delhi. They designed wide roads, spacious government buildings, and iconic landmarks, creating a modern and well-planned city.

Impact of the Shift
- Political Significance: The shift of the capital from Kolkata to Delhi was a significant political move by the British government. It represented their intention to centralize and consolidate their control over India.
- Development of Delhi: The shift of the capital led to the development and expansion of Delhi. The construction of New Delhi brought economic growth, urbanization, and infrastructure development to the region.
- Symbol of National Pride: After India gained independence in 1947, Delhi continued to be the capital of the newly formed Republic of India. It became a symbol of national pride and the center of political power in the country.

In conclusion, the capital of India was shifted from Kolkata to Delhi in 1911 to address administrative, security, and symbolic concerns. This move had a lasting impact on the development and political landscape of Delhi, making it the capital of India even after independence.