The correct answer is option 'D': planning sets the standards used in controlling. Let's break down each option and explain why option 'D' is the correct answer.

1. Establishes chaos among departments:
This option is incorrect because planning does not aim to create chaos among departments. In fact, planning is essential in order to establish order and coordination among different departments within an organization.

2. Sets the basis used for promotion of individuals within the organization:
While planning does play a role in organizational promotion, it is not the primary purpose of planning. The basis for promotion is typically determined by factors such as performance, skills, experience, and qualifications rather than planning.

3. Planning guarantees safeguard from external environment:
Although planning can help organizations prepare for and mitigate risks from the external environment, it does not guarantee complete safeguarding. External factors such as economic changes, technological advancements, and market fluctuations are beyond an organization's control. However, effective planning can help organizations adapt and respond to these external factors more effectively.

4. Sets the standards used in controlling:
This option is correct. Planning sets the standards that are used in controlling. Controlling involves monitoring and evaluating actual performance against the planned objectives and taking corrective actions if necessary. By setting specific goals, targets, and benchmarks during the planning process, organizations can establish the criteria by which they measure and control their performance.

Planning provides a roadmap for an organization's activities and helps ensure that resources are allocated effectively, tasks are coordinated, and objectives are achieved. It involves determining the organization's mission, setting goals, developing strategies, and creating action plans. These plans serve as the basis for measuring and controlling performance. Without clear standards established through planning, it would be difficult for organizations to assess their progress and make necessary adjustments.

In conclusion, planning plays a crucial role in an organization's success. While it does not establish chaos, directly determine promotions, or guarantee complete safeguarding from the external environment, planning does set the standards used in controlling. By defining goals, objectives, and performance criteria, planning provides a framework for measuring and managing organizational performance.