Sanskritisation refers to the process by which members of a middle or lower caste attempt to raise their own social status by adopting the ritual, domestic, and social practices of a higher caste.

Sanskritisation is a sociological concept that was first introduced by M.N. Srinivas, an Indian sociologist. It is a phenomenon that occurs in the Indian caste system, where individuals or groups from lower castes aspire to raise their social status by emulating the practices and customs of higher castes. This process involves adopting the rituals, traditions, and lifestyles of the upper castes, particularly those associated with the Brahmins, who are considered the highest caste in the traditional Hindu social hierarchy.

Reasons for Sanskritisation:
The main reasons behind Sanskritisation are:

1. Desire for social mobility: Lower caste individuals or groups aspire to improve their social status and gain recognition within the caste system. By adopting the practices of higher castes, they hope to be perceived as more respectable and attain a higher position in society.

2. Perception of cultural superiority: The upper castes, especially the Brahmins, are often regarded as culturally superior. Lower caste individuals may believe that by emulating their customs and traditions, they can also acquire this perceived cultural superiority.

Process of Sanskritisation:
The process of Sanskritisation involves several elements:

1. Religious rituals: Lower caste individuals begin to adopt the religious rituals and practices of higher castes. They may start performing elaborate ceremonies, participating in festivals, and worshipping deities traditionally associated with the upper castes.

2. Language: Sanskritisation also involves adopting the Sanskrit language, which is considered sacred and associated with higher castes. Lower caste individuals may learn Sanskrit or use Sanskrit-derived words in their everyday conversations to enhance their social status.

3. Lifestyle changes: Lower caste individuals may imitate the dietary habits, clothing styles, and social etiquettes of higher castes. They may avoid certain occupations or behaviors associated with the lower castes and instead engage in activities that are considered more prestigious.

Impact of Sanskritisation:
Sanskritisation can have both positive and negative consequences:

1. Social mobility: Sanskritisation offers a pathway for lower caste individuals to improve their social standing and gain acceptance within the caste system.

2. Reinforcement of caste hierarchy: Sanskritisation perpetuates the existing caste hierarchy, as individuals strive to emulate the practices of higher castes rather than challenging the system itself.

3. Cultural erosion: In some cases, Sanskritisation may lead to the erosion of indigenous cultural practices and traditions as lower caste individuals adopt the customs of higher castes.

In conclusion, Sanskritisation refers to the process by which individuals or groups from lower castes attempt to raise their social status by adopting the rituals, domestic practices, and social behaviors of higher castes. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that has implications for social mobility, cultural preservation, and the perpetuation of the caste system in India.