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Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.
In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.
The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresaw
the vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.
Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.
The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.
Q. During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?
  • a)
    Devaluation of Currency
  • b)
    Moving towards market-based determination of exchange rate
  • c)
    Both (a) and (b)
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 ...
As a part of new economic reform, India opted for above mentioned policies in the foreign exchange market to improve its condition.
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Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 ...
Explanation:

Background:
India faced an economic crisis in the 1990s due to various factors such as high inflation, low growth, and a balance of payments crisis.

Foreign Exchange Measures:
- Devaluation of Currency: To address the crisis, India initially opted for devaluation of its currency to make exports more competitive and reduce the trade deficit.
- Moving towards Market-based Determination of Exchange Rate: As part of the economic reforms, India gradually shifted towards a market-based determination of the exchange rate to bring more stability and transparency in the foreign exchange market.

Combination of Measures:
- Both (a) and (b): India's approach during the economic crisis of the 1990s involved a combination of devaluation of currency and moving towards a market-based determination of the exchange rate. These measures were aimed at addressing the external vulnerabilities and improving the competitiveness of Indian exports.

Impact:
- The combination of devaluation and market-based exchange rate determination helped India in stabilizing its economy, attracting foreign investments, and building up its foreign exchange reserves.
- These measures played a crucial role in steering India towards economic growth and development in the subsequent years.

Conclusion:
The adoption of both devaluation of currency and a market-based exchange rate determination strategy during the economic crisis of the 1990s played a significant role in shaping India's economic policies and laying the foundation for future growth and stability.
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The polity assured to the people of India by the Constitution is described in the Preamble wherein the word "secular" was added by the 42nd Amendment. It highlights the fundamental rights guaranteed in Articles 25 to 28 that the State shall have no religion of its own and all persons shall be equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practise and propagate religion of their own choice, in brief, this is the concept of secularism as a basic feature of the Constitution of India and the way of life adopted by the people of India as their abiding faith and creed. M.C. Setalvad in Patel Memorial Lectures - 1985, on Secularism, referring to the Indian concept of secularism, stated thus:The ideal, therefore, of a secular State in the sense of a State which treats all religions alike and displays benevolent neutrality towards them is in a way more suited to the Indian environment and climate than that of a truly secular State. Secularism, in the Indian context, must be given the widest possible content. It should connote the eradication of all attitudes and practices derived from or connected with religion which impede our development and retard our growth into an integrated nation The concept of secularism is very much embedded in our constitutional philosophy.Secularism is thus more than a passive attitude of religious tolerance. It is a positive concept of equal treatment of all religions. The State has no religion. The State is bound to honour and to wield the scales even between all religions. It may not advance the cause of one religion to the detriment of another. Thus, only concerted and earnest endeavour, both by the State and citizen, towards secularisation lead to the stabilisation of our democratic state and the establishment of a true and cohesive Indian nationhood.Q. Article 30 says "All minorities shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice." The protection granted to Minority Educational Institutions to admit students of their choice is subject to reasonable restrictions. Holy Mary Institute, an educational minority institution was granted the status of "Christian Minority Educational Institution". Recently, Holy Land Govt. made a law mandating the Secondary School Certificates or Transfer Certificates (T.C.) from the school from which they have studied shall be the basis for the purpose of determining the minority status of candidates. Holy Mary Institute challenged the law on the ground that is an intrusion on the right to administer the minority institutions conferred by Article 30(1).Based on the principle of law and information set out in the given passage, choose the most appropriate choice

Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Class 12. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Class 12 Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Directions: Read the following case study and answer the questions 51 to 55.In the Indian context, the RBI Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves. RBI acts as the chief monetary authority and the custodian of foreign exchange assets. RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorised dealers in the open market operations. The type of instruments in which RBI can invest is stipulated in the RBI Act. The aid received by the government also becomes a part of the reserves.The Asian crisis tells us how countries suffer due to ill management of the foreign exchange reserves. Many countries foresawthe vulnerability to the external shocks and accumulated heavy foreign exchange reserves. Countries want to keep their exports competitive. Hence, they prefer to depreciate their currencies against dollars. In recent days, there has been a continuous appreciation of rupee vis-a-vis dollar. To avoid the appreciation of rupee, RBI has been continuously interfering in the money market. RBI is buying dollars from the market. The dollars that are being bought add to the foreign exchange kitty.Unlike, in the past, the NRI community is more dispersed now, not just confining to the Gulf. Due to software boom, Indians are heading towards new destinations. NRIs are doing well there and ploughing back their savings to India. Moreover, foreign institutional investors are also making huge investments into Indian stocks.The emergence of India as an offshore outsourcing hub has created new opportunities. There are huge dollar earnings for India. Further, India is also proving to be a worthy manufacturing hub for many companies. All these factors played a positive role in building up of huge foreign exchange reserves.Q.During the economic crisis of 1990s, India opted for which of the following foreign exchange measure?a)Devaluation of Currencyb)Moving towards market-based determination of exchange ratec)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Class 12 tests.
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