Dipole moment depends on _______a)Charge onlyb)Charge and length of a dipolec)Charge, length of a dipole and dielectric constant of the mediumd)Charge and dielectric constant of the mediumCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Dipole moment depends on Charge and Length of a Dipole

Charge and Length of a Dipole:
The dipole moment of a molecule is the product of the charge on each of the atoms in the molecule and the distance between them. Therefore, the dipole moment of a molecule depends on the charge and the length of the dipole.

- Charge: The dipole moment of a molecule is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge on each of the atoms in the molecule that gives rise to the dipole. The greater the charge separation between the atoms, the higher the dipole moment.
- Length: The dipole moment of a molecule is directly proportional to the distance between the two atoms in the molecule. The greater the distance between the atoms, the higher the dipole moment.

Dielectric Constant of Medium:
The magnitude of the dipole moment of a molecule also depends on the dielectric constant of the medium in which the molecule is placed. The dipole moment of a molecule is higher in a medium with a higher dielectric constant because the electric field created by the dipole is more stabilized by the polar molecules present in the medium.

Conclusion:
In summary, the dipole moment of a molecule depends on the charge and length of the dipole. The dielectric constant of the medium also affects the magnitude of the dipole moment.

Answer

Dipole is defined as two equal but opposite charges, kept at a small distance and having a dipole moment. The dipole moment is simply the product of the electric charge and length of the dipole. The dielectric constant of the medium doesn’t affect the dipole moment i.e. dipole moment of an electric dipole will be the same in water as well as in the air.

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