Which of these is not an associated function of the increased maternal hormones estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and cortisol?a)Development of fetusb)Metabolic changes in the motherc)Maintenance of pregnancyd)LactationCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

The maternal increase in the hormones is responsible for the development and growth of the fetus, maintenance of pregnancy, and the changes in metabolism in mother essential for the proper nourishment of fetus. Lactation is not a part of pregnancy. It occurs after the baby has been delivered.

Answer

Development of fetus:
- Increased maternal hormones such as estrogen and progesterone play a crucial role in the development of the fetus. These hormones are essential for the growth and differentiation of fetal tissues and organs.
- Estrogen, for example, helps in the development of the reproductive system in the fetus, while progesterone supports the growth of the placenta and regulates the maternal immune system to prevent rejection of the fetus.

Metabolic changes in the mother:
- Maternal hormones like estrogen and progesterone also induce metabolic changes in the mother to support the growing fetus. These changes include increased insulin resistance, which ensures an adequate supply of nutrients to the fetus.
- Progesterone, in particular, stimulates the maternal appetite and promotes fat deposition to provide energy reserves for pregnancy and lactation.

Maintenance of pregnancy:
- The increased levels of hormones such as progesterone and cortisol help in maintaining the pregnancy by relaxing the uterine muscles, preventing premature contractions, and supporting the development of the placenta.
- Progesterone also inhibits the maternal immune response to prevent rejection of the fetus as a foreign body, thereby maintaining the pregnancy.

Lactation:
- Lactation is primarily regulated by the hormone prolactin, which is released by the pituitary gland in response to the suckling stimulus from the baby. Prolactin stimulates milk production in the mammary glands and plays a key role in establishing and maintaining lactation.
- While maternal hormones like estrogen and progesterone prepare the breasts for lactation during pregnancy, prolactin is the key hormone involved in the actual production and release of milk.

Top Courses for Class 12

Suggested Free Tests

Related Content

Schools

Competitive Examinations

Quick Access Links

Technical Exams