When a beam of light falls on an object, several phenomena occur. Let's explore each of these phenomena in detail:

1. Reflection:
When light falls on an object, it can bounce back. This phenomenon is known as reflection. The light rays reflect off the object's surface and travel in different directions. The angle at which the light rays hit the object's surface is equal to the angle at which they reflect. This is known as the law of reflection.

2. Absorption:
When light falls on an object, some of the light energy is absorbed by the object. The absorbed light energy is then converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or chemical energy, depending on the properties of the object. The color of the object is determined by the wavelengths of light it absorbs and reflects. For example, a red object absorbs all colors of light except red, which it reflects.

3. Transmission:
Not all light is reflected or absorbed by an object. Some light can pass through the object, which is known as transmission. Transparent or translucent objects allow light to pass through them, while opaque objects do not. The amount of light transmitted depends on the object's transparency or translucency.

4. Scattering:
When light falls on an object with a rough or irregular surface, it can scatter in different directions. This phenomenon is known as scattering. The scattered light rays can create a diffuse reflection, where the light is spread out in all directions. This is why objects without a smooth surface appear to be non-reflective.

5. Refraction:
Refraction occurs when light passes from one transparent medium to another with a different optical density, such as air to water or air to glass. The change in optical density causes the light rays to bend or change direction. This phenomenon is responsible for the bending of light when it passes through a lens or a prism.

In conclusion, when a beam of light falls on an object, it can undergo reflection, absorption, transmission, scattering, or refraction. These phenomena determine how the light interacts with the object and can have various effects on its appearance and behavior.