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Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for Banking Exams 2024 is part of Banking Exams preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Banking Exams exam syllabus. Information about Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Banking Exams 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for Banking Exams. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for Banking Exams Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Direction: Read the following passage divided into a number of paragraphs carefully and answer the questions that follow it.Paragraph 1: After the fall of Lehman Brothers 10 years ago, there was a public debate about how the leading American banks had grown “too big to fail”. But that debate overlooked the larger story, about how the global markets where stocks, bonds, and other financial assets are traded had grown worrisomely large. By the eve of the 2008 crisis, global financial markets dwarfed the global economy. Those markets had tripled over the previous three decades to 347 percent of the world’s gross economic output, driven up by easy money pouring out of central banks. That is one major reason that the ripple effects of Lehman’s fall were large enough to cause the worst downturn since the Great Depression. Today the markets are even larger, having grown to 360 percent of global G.D.P., a record high. And financial authorities — trained to focus more on how markets respond to economic risk than on the risks that markets pose to the economy — have been inadvertently fuelling this new threat.Paragraph 2: Over the past decade, the world’s largest central banks — in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan — have expanded their balance sheets from less than $5 trillion to more than $17 trillion in an effort to promote the recovery. Much of that newly printed money has found its way into the financial markets, where it often follows the path of least regulation.Paragraph 3: The biggest risks outside the United States are in China, which has printed by far the most money and issued by far the most debt of any country since 2008, and where regulators have had less success reining in borrowers and lenders. Easy money has fuelled bubbles in everything from stocks and bonds to property in China, and it’s hard to see how or when these bubbles might set off a major crisis in an opaque market where most of the borrowers and lenders are backed by the state. But if and when Beijing reaches the point where it can’t print any more money, the bottom could fall out of the economy.Paragraph 4: Many doomsayers worried that the Federal Reserve tightening that began in 2004 would help prompt a recession — and it eventually did, in 2008. Though rates are still historically low in the United States, the Federal Reserve began to raise them more than two years ago and is expected to continue tightening them into next year. The Fed’s tightening is already rattling emerging markets. When the American markets start feeling it, the results are likely to be very different from 2008 — corporate meltdowns rather than mortgage defaults, and bond and pension funds affected before big investment banks. If a downturn follows, it is more likely to be a normal recession than another 100-year storm, like 2008. Most economists put the probability of such a recession hitting before the end of 2020 at less than 20 percent.Paragraph 5: But economists are more often wrong than right. Professional forecasters have taken a shot in the dark but missed every recession since such records were first kept in 1968, and one of the many reasons for this is “recency bias”: using economic forecasting models that tend to give too much weight to recent events. They see, for example, that big banks are in much better shape than in 2008, and households are less encumbered by mortgage debt, and so play down the likelihood of another recession. But they are, in effect, preparing to fight the last war.Q. Which of the following sentences is the meaning of the phrase ‘ripple effects’?a)It means that containing an effect on a specific area.b)It means to check the increase of something.c)It means the spreading of the results of an event.d)It means to create a mirroring result in another area.e)It means to experience something repeatedly.Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice Banking Exams tests.