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A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of length 25cm of copper ,10cm of nickel, & 15cm of aluminum each part been in perfect thermal contact with the adjoining path.The copper & of the composite rod is maintained at 100C &the Al & at 0C .If Kcu =2Kal & Kal=3Kni then what will be the temperature of Cu-Ni & Ni-Al junction?
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A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of length 25cm of ...


Analysis:
The key concept to consider in this scenario is the principle of thermal equilibrium. Heat will flow from the hot end (copper) to the cold end (aluminum) until a thermal equilibrium is reached. The rate of heat transfer is determined by the thermal conductivities of the materials involved.

Calculations:
Given:
Length of copper (Lcu) = 25 cm
Length of nickel (Lni) = 10 cm
Length of aluminum (Lal) = 15 cm
Temperature of copper end (Tcu) = 100°C
Temperature of aluminum end (Tal) = 0°C
Thermal conductivity of copper (Kcu) = 2 x thermal conductivity of aluminum (Kal)
Thermal conductivity of aluminum (Kal) = 3 x thermal conductivity of nickel (Kni)

Temperature of Cu-Ni junction:
Since the copper end is at 100°C and the aluminum end is at 0°C, the temperature gradient along the rod is 100°C over 25 cm, which is 4°C/cm. Therefore, the temperature at the Cu-Ni junction would be 100°C - (4°C/cm x 10 cm) = 60°C.

Temperature of Ni-Al junction:
Similarly, the temperature gradient between the Ni-Al junction would be 0°C - 60°C = -60°C over 15 cm, which is -4°C/cm. Hence, the temperature at the Ni-Al junction would be 0°C - (-4°C/cm x 10 cm) = 40°C.

In conclusion, the temperature at the Cu-Ni junction would be 60°C, and the temperature at the Ni-Al junction would be 40°C. This demonstrates the flow of heat from the hot end to the cold end, reaching a thermal equilibrium along the composite metal bar.
Community Answer
A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of length 25cm of ...
At Cu-Ni 78C n at Ni-Al 26.5C
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Importance of high specific heat capacity of water for life Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of that substance by 1 K. It is expressed in the units J/ (kg K). A high specific heat of a substance means that a large amount of heat is required to raise the temperature of the substance. Water has the highest known specific heat capacity. Its specific heat capacity is 4.186 K J/ (kg K) i.e. to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 Kelvin it requires 4.186 KJ of heat. For comparison sake, Copper requires only 385 Joules of heat to raise 1 kilogram of copper by 1 Kelvin. It also interesting to know that the specific heat capacities in two other phases of water (i.e. ice and water vapour) are less than this. High specific heat of water is mainly due to the presence of a large number of hydrogen bonds between molecules of water. On a beach on a sunny day, it is noticed that the sand is often quite hot to walk on, but the water is always cool, even in the shallows. This is because sand has a lower specific heat capacity than that of water. Sand takes less energy to raise the temperature by one degree. Because water has a high specific heat capacity, it requires more energy to raise the temperature by one degree. Since the sun puts same rate of energy on water and sand, which heats up sand more quickly and water more slowly. Water covers around 70% of the Earth's surface and its high specific heat plays a very important role to sustain life in the earth. It is able to absorb a lot of heat without a significant rise in the temperature. When temperatures decrease, the heat which is stored is released, restraining a rapid drop in temperature. The combined effect is the buffering of heat. A relatively constant temperature without sudden rise and drop is essential to sustain life. Hence water is important for life.Q. Which statement is false?

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A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of length 25cm of copper ,10cm of nickel, & 15cm of aluminum each part been in perfect thermal contact with the adjoining path.The copper & of the composite rod is maintained at 100C &the Al & at 0C .If Kcu =2Kal & Kal=3Kni then what will be the temperature of Cu-Ni & Ni-Al junction?
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