- Definition and classification of matter
- Physical nature of matter
- States of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
- Change of state of matter
- Evaporation and its factors
- Sublimation


- Mixture and its types
- Solution and its properties
- Concentration of a solution
- Separation techniques (filtration, evaporation, distillation, etc.)
- Colloids and suspensions
- Pure substances and their properties


- Introduction to atoms and molecules
- Laws of chemical combination
- Atomic and molecular masses
- Mole concept and Avogadro's number
- Writing chemical formulae and equations
- Balancing chemical equations


- Discovery of subatomic particles (electron, proton, neutron)
- Atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr)
- Valency and valence electrons
- Isotopes and their uses
- Atomic number and mass number
- Modern periodic table


- Introduction to cells
- Discovery of cells
- Cell theory and types of cells
- Structure and functions of cell organelles
- Plant and animal tissues


- Plant tissues (meristematic, permanent)
- Animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous)
- Structure and functions of tissues
- Plant and animal organs


- Classification and hierarchy of living organisms
- Five-kingdom classification system
- Characteristics of major phyla and classes
- Binomial nomenclature
- Biodiversity and conservation


- Types of motion (rectilinear, circular, periodic)
- Distance and displacement
- Speed, velocity, and acceleration
- Equations of motion and graphs
- Newton's laws of motion
- Force and inertia


- Balanced and unbalanced forces
- Newton's laws of motion (first, second, third)
- Inertia and momentum
- Conservation of momentum
- Impulse and impact of force


- Universal law of gravitation
- Acceleration due to gravity
- Free fall and weightlessness
- Mass and weight
- Thrust and pressure
- Archimedes' principle and buoyancy


- Work, energy, and power
- Kinetic and potential energy
- Law of conservation of energy
- Various forms of energy (mechanical, thermal, chemical, etc.)
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