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The term _______ means the totality of all individuals, institutions and other forces that are outside a business.
  • a)
    Internal environment
  • b)
    Social environment
  • c)
    Business environment
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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The term _______ means the totality of all individuals, institutions a...
The term "environment" means the totality of all individuals, institutions, and other forces that are outside a business. The business environment includes a wide range of external factors that can impact the operations and performance of a business, including economic, political, social, technological, legal, and cultural factors.
Businesses operate within a complex and dynamic environment, and they must constantly adapt and respond to changes in order to remain competitive and successful. Understanding and managing the business environment is an important aspect of strategic planning and decision-making for businesses of all sizes and industries.
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The term _______ means the totality of all individuals, institutions a...
Business Environment:
The term "Business Environment" refers to the totality of all individuals, institutions, and other forces that are outside a business and have the potential to affect its operations. It includes both external and internal factors that influence the functioning of a business.

External Environment:
The external environment consists of factors that are outside the control of the business, such as economic conditions, social trends, political developments, technological advancements, and competitive forces. These factors can have a significant impact on the performance and success of a business.

Internal Environment:
The internal environment, on the other hand, includes factors that are within the control of the business, such as its employees, management, corporate culture, resources, and operations. It is essential for a business to effectively manage both its external and internal environments to achieve its goals and objectives.

Significance:
Understanding the business environment is crucial for businesses to adapt to changes, identify opportunities, and mitigate risks. By analyzing the various factors that make up the business environment, businesses can make informed decisions and develop strategies that align with the prevailing conditions.
In conclusion, the business environment encompasses all the external and internal factors that can impact a business. By closely monitoring and responding to changes in the business environment, businesses can enhance their competitiveness and sustain long-term success.
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Weaver sees hypocrisy in the World Bank as a predictable feature in a large international organization especially when viewed using resource dependency (viewing the competitive environment) and sociological institutionalism (the authorising environment). The Banks emphasis on organizational survival and legitimacy shows itself in its interactions with multiple actors in its competitive and authoritarian environments. Many critics of the Bank simply see the Bank as unable to achieve the goals it sets and help its client states. Weaver however launches into an in-depth description of two "worlds"-the Worlds Bank and the Banks World. The former indicates the complex structure of the Bank including its donor states, client states, its private capital markets and the watchdog Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Weavers examination reveals the various pressures exerted on the Bank and the degree of American influence on the bank.In as much as the Bank is pressured from many sides, Weaver notes a strong degree of operational authority and autonomy in the "Banks World". This stems from the complexity of its operations, some which are not open to extensive review. Second the diversity of member states allows the Bank some autonomy and most importantly, the Bank holds a strong monopoly over development related knowledge. This control of ideas is coupled with a technocratic and economic rationality, reinforced with the influx of Western trained neo-classical economists. Bank ideological coherence is also maintained by the editing of reports to align with neoliberal beliefs. It is within these strong intellectual norms that Weaver examines World Bank reforms. Contrary to some critics, the Bank did engage in reforms in the 1990s. The Strategic Compact arose as a need to transform the Bank back as an effort to re-orientate itself as the premier development agency, after external criticism and an internal evaluation. The first aim of streamlining bureaucracy was easily reached however the aim of being more "poverty focused and accountable" came at odds with the technical, economic and apolitical rationality. New efforts such as listening to clients and conducting consultations clashed with the existing approval culture. Overall, changes occurred but still the approval culture remained strong.Similarly, the focus on good governance was not that effective with apolitical stances amongst staff.Furthermore, the dominating neo-liberal mindset resulted in governance issues framed with economic objectives in mind. Just as with the Strategic Compact, Weaver notes that governance reform challenged the Banks conventional method of conducting business.Weaver does qualify that the constant need to placate the demands of various external groups also hampered Bank reform. She however noted that the Bank deep culture will prevent any productive change. Weaver thus delves away from the normal criticism of the World Bank to explain the reasons of Bank actions and activities.She shed a new light noting that such hypocrisy is a tenet in any large international organisation. In order for any improvement to the World Bank, it is not simply the initiation of change but the need to re work the internal settings of one of the worlds most important development groups.Q. Under which environments does Weaver assess World Banks hypocrisy?

Directions:Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlate almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlate 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlate almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlate about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlate about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (natur e) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s developmentis actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.Q. What type of children are studied for this analysis?

The term _______ means the totality of all individuals, institutions and other forces that are outside a business.a)Internal environmentb)Social environmentc)Business environmentd)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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